Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 24;13:20417314221088509. doi: 10.1177/20417314221088509

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 6. — The effect of PCSK9 on atherosclerotic progression.^116,160,161 Covered by inflammatory conditions, oxLDL and ROS at the plaque site, response cells (ECs, SMCs, and MAs) synthesize PCSK9, elevating SR (LOX-1, SRA, CD36) expression for more oxLDL intake, lowering ABCA1 and ABCG1 with decrease cholesterol outflow. Under this modulation, lipid-laden cells emerge as foam cells. Concomitantly, PCSK9 upregulates adhesion molecules VCAM-1 expression (more monocytes trafficking), and provokes macrophages to liberate inflammatory molecules (TNFα and IL-1β) based on TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation.