Table 3.

Association Between Elderly’s Physical Issue and Depression.

Variables	No depression		Depression		Total		P-value	OR (95% CI)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
ADL
Independent	158	88	22	12	180	100	.000	0.084 (0.033-0.214)
Slightly Dependent	150	77	44	23	194	100	.0001	0.176 (0.072-0.429)
More Dependent	17	74	6	26	23	100	.015	0.212 (0.061-0.735)
Highly Dependent	18	50	18	50	36	100	.342	0.600 (0.209-1.721)
Fully Dependent	9	38	15	63	24	100		1
IADL
Unable/Fully Dependent	17	45	21	55	38	100	—	1
Needs Assistance	121	69	55	31	176	100	.006	0.368 (0.180-0.752)
Independent	214	88	29	12	243	100	.0001	0.110 (0.052-0.232)
Age
60-69 years old	144	79	39	21	183	100	—	1
70-79 years old	112	72	43	28	155	100	.17	1.418 (0.861-2.334)
>80 years old	96	81	23	19	119	100	.677	0.885 (0.497-1.574)
Fitness
Looks fit	265	90	28	10	293	100	.0001	8.376 (5.102-13.751)
Looks unfit	87	53	77	47	164	100
Hypertension
Yes	176	77	53	23	229	100	1	0.981 (0.634-1.517)
No	176	77	52	23	228	100
CHD
Yes	64	78	18	22	82	100	.921	1.074 (0.604-1.909)
No	288	77	87	23	375	100
Stroke
Yes	24	44	30	56	54	100	.0001	0.183 (0.101-0.331)
No	328	81	75	19	403	100
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	66	69	30	31	96	100	.042	0.577 (0.350-0.952)
No	286	79	75	21	361	100
Dementia
Yes	19	54	16	46	35	100	.002	0.317 (0.157-0.642)
No	333	79	89	21	422	100
Osteoporosis
Yes	49	71	20	29	69	100	.257	0.687 (0.388-1.219)
No	303	78	85	22	388	100
Memory loss
Yes	44	62	27	38	71	100	.002	0.413 (0.241-0.708)
No	308	80	78	20	386	100
Visual disturbance
Yes	41	67	20	33	61	100	.073	0.560 (0.312-1.007)
No	311	79	85	21	396	100
Hearing loss
Yes	53	70	23	30	76	100	.132	0.632 (0.366-1.092)
No	299	78	82	22	381	100
Bowel/urinary incontinence
Yes	19	58	14	42	33	100	.011	0.371 (0.179-0.768)
No	333	79	91	21	424	100
Musculoskeletal disorder
Yes	116	74	41	26	157	100	.3	0.767 (0.489-1.204)
No	236	79	64	21	300	100