Table 2. Univariate associations with NSAID prescription at baseline.

Characteristic		Odds ratioa	95% CI		P-value
Age group, years (versus 18–40)	40–59	2.20	2.11	2.29	0.02
	60–79	2.59	2.48	2.71	<0.001
	≥80	1.29	1.20	1.39	<0.001
Sex (versus male)	Female	1.22	1.19	1.26	<0.001
Socioeconomic status, IMD quintile (versus 5, least deprived)	4	1.06	1.01	1.10	<0.001
	3	1.15	1.10	1.20	<0.001
	2	1.29	1.23	1.35	<0.001
	1 (most deprived)	1.54	1.47	1.61	<0.001
CKD (versus no CKD)		1.00	0.94	1.06	0.96
CVD (versus no CVD)		0.80	0.76	0.85	<0.001
Heart failure (versus no heart failure)		0.51	0.44	0.59	<0.001
Diabetes (type 1 or 2 versus no diabetes)		1.31	1.26	1.37	<0.001
Hypertension (versus no hypertension)		1.44	1.39	1.49	<0.001
Osteoarthritis (versus no osteoarthritis)		2.82	2.73	2.91	<0.001
Rheumatoid arthritis (versus no rheumatoid arthritis)		5.08	4.71	5.47	<0.001

^aFor those with multiple categories odd ratios were compared with base groups. CKD = chronic kidney disease. CVD = cardiovascular disease. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.