Figure 20.

Imaging the LPS core region using KDO reporters. (A) E. coli K12 was incubated in the presence of KDO-N₃ (55), fixed, subjected to CuAAC with azido-488, and imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Right, expanded deconvoluted image of labeled E. coli cell. Scale bars, 1 μm. Reproduced with permission from ref ¹⁶⁵. Copyright 2012 Wiley-VCH. (B) E. coli was incubated in the presence of KDO-N₃ (55) and subjected to SPAAC with a cyclooctyne-488 reagent. LPS was extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by fluorescence imaging (top) or by LPS staining with Pro-Q Emerald 300 LPS staining kit (bottom). Reproduced with permission from ref ¹⁶⁶. Copyright 2017 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (C) Mouse gut microbiotas were labeled with KDO-N₃ (55, shown in red text as 8AzKdo), subjected to CuAAC with alkyne-TAMRA, labeled with fluorophore-conjugated vancomycin (shown in green text as Vanco), and imaged by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence, DIC, and merged images are shown. Scale bar, 20 μm. Reprinted with permission from ref ¹⁷³. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society.