Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 25;10:e13119. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13119

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 Wu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

PMC Copyright notice

(A) ABA precursor is synthesized from the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Enzymes are shown in red colour. BCH1/BCH2: β-carotene hydroxylases; ZEP: Zeaxanthin epoxidase; NSY: Neoxanthin synthase; NCED: 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase; XD: Xanthoxin dehydrogenase; ABAO: Abscisic aldehyde oxidase; CYP707A: ABA 8′-hydroxylase; ABH1: Phaseic acid reductase 1; ABAGT: ABA glucosyltransferase; βG: β-glucosidase; VDE: violaxanthin de-epoxidase, AOs: aldehyde oxidases were indicated with an asterisk (*). Adapted from Dejonghe, Okamoto & Cutler (2018); Song et al. (2020b); Finkelstein (2013). (B) ANT, anthranilate; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IAAld, indole-3-acetaldehyde; IAN, indole-3-acetonitrile; IGP, indole-3-glycerol phosphate; IND, indole; AAO, aldehydeoxidase; CYP79B2/3, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases2/3; IMI, amidase; INS, indole synthase; NIT, nitrilase; TAA, tryptophan aminotransferase; TRP3/TSA1, Trp synthase α-subunit; TRP2/TSB1, Trp synthase β-subunit; VAS1, pyridoxal phosphate-dependentaminotransferase1; YUC, YUCCA flavin-containing monooxygenase. Adapted from Kasahara (2016); Song et al. (2020a).