Table 2-3. – Number of cases and age-standardized incidence rates (per 100 000) of stroke, ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage in 1990 and 2019, and percent change of rates, in Brazil and its Federative Units.
| Cause of death and location | 1990 | 2019 | Percent change (95% UI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (95% UI) | Rate (95% UI) | Number (95% UI) | Rate (95% UI) | ||
| B.2.3-Stroke | (;) | ||||
| Acre | 411.9 (369.4;460.7) | 210.4 (188.3;236.4) | 887.5 (791.6;996.9) | 133.5 (118.8;151.1) | -36.5(-38.7;-34) |
| Alagoas | 3525.9 (3156.5;3980.9) | 241.9 (215.3;273.6) | 5078.4 (4533.7;5720.3) | 155.2 (138.5;175.1) | -35.8(-37.9;-33.3) |
| Amapá | 242.1 (217.7;270.6) | 200 (178.2;226.3) | 759.4 (676.7;858.9) | 132 (117.3;149.8) | -34(-36.3;-31.7) |
| Amazonas | 1967.1 (1759.6;2201.3) | 208.6 (186.4;234.7) | 3964.4 (3537.2;4450) | 127.4 (113.7;144.3) | -38.9(-41.3;-36.7) |
| Bahia | 16371.4 (14690.4;18405.9) | 223.4 (200.3;252.7) | 22215.8 (19841.1;25012.1) | 136.9 (122.1;154.2) | -38.7(-40.8;-36.4) |
| Brazil | 216640.6 (193728.5;242758.9) | 224.6 (201.6;251.8) | 295510.5 (264160.9;331953.6) | 127 (113.8;142.1) | -43.5(-44.7;-42.2) |
| Ceará | 8168.8 (7330.2;9148.3) | 188.5 (169;212.2) | 13059.6 (11671.9;14651.1) | 130.8 (116.7;147.2) | -30.6(-33.2;-28) |
| Distrito Federal | 1677.4 (1505;1870.5) | 223 (199.4;249.7) | 3131.6 (2790.5;3507.5) | 116.6 (104;131.1) | -47.7(-49.7;-45.3) |
| Espírito Santo | 3991.3 (3566.8;4491.6) | 247.6 (219.9;279.8) | 5720.5 (5104.5;6463.7) | 132.7 (118.5;149.9) | -46.4(-48.6;-44.3) |
| Goiás | 5462.9 (4882.1;6113.3) | 229.2 (204.1;257.5) | 8554.8 (7617.5;9655.7) | 122.6 (109.5;138) | -46.5(-48.6;-44.1) |
| Maranhão | 5729.8 (5149.3;6435.9) | 203.2 (181.4;228.3) | 9602.8 (8603.6;10833.2) | 139.7 (124.9;157.8) | -31.2(-33.9;-28.4) |
| Mato Grosso | 2066.5 (1850.5;2302.2) | 213.6 (190.7;242.1) | 4224.3 (3790.6;4757.8) | 125.1 (112.3;141.8) | -41.4(-43.6;-38.9) |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 2349.4 (2107.6;2641.2) | 228.7 (204.5;256.2) | 3816 (3397.7;4324.3) | 130.2 (116.1;146.7) | -43(-45.2;-40.6) |
| Minas Gerais | 25738.5 (23130.3;28837.3) | 240.8 (215.7;270.8) | 32636.7 (29004.9;36771.1) | 126.8 (113;142.6) | -47.3(-49.3;-45.4) |
| Pará | 5334.6 (4779.3;5982.6) | 220.2 (197;248.2) | 9786.9 (8771.1;11013.3) | 133 (118.6;150.4) | -39.6(-42.1;-37.2) |
| Paraíba | 4666.9 (4181;5252) | 196.3 (175.9;220.6) | 5957.2 (5352.3;6650.6) | 126.3 (113.5;141.3) | -35.7(-37.9;-33.3) |
| Paraná | 13267.4 (11814.3;14914.7) | 249.3 (222.8;281.2) | 17372.2 (15503.4;19691.5) | 134 (119.9;151.3) | -46.3(-48.3;-44.2) |
| Pernambuco | 10750.5 (9606;12078.3) | 224.3 (200.4;252.3) | 13678.5 (12252.1;15426) | 136.1 (121.7;153.6) | -39.3(-41.5;-36.9) |
| Piaui | 3149.6 (2829.2;3542) | 205.9 (184.8;232) | 5037.5 (4505.3;5682.3) | 133.4 (119.2;150.7) | -35.2(-37.3;-32.7) |
| Rio de Janeiro | 25814.8 (23106.8;29202.3) | 254.6 (228.2;287.6) | 28566.5 (25517.7;32324) | 131.8 (118.1;148.5) | -48.2(-50.2;-46.2) |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 3299.3 (2948.3;3707) | 196.4 (175.2;220.9) | 4620.3 (4134.6;5184.7) | 118.7 (106;133.6) | -39.6(-41.8;-37.2) |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 16023.3 (14290.6;18026.9) | 232 (207.3;260.5) | 19270.5 (17107.4;21805.9) | 129.9 (115.6;146.2) | -44(-46.1;-41.5) |
| Rondônia | 1083.1 (962.8;1214) | 238.5 (212.4;268.3) | 2001.6 (1796.8;2250.1) | 126.3 (113.1;142.4) | -47.1(-49.1;-45) |
| Roraima | 169.2 (150.9;189.3) | 210 (187.1;237.4) | 498.4 (443.6;559) | 121.8 (108.8;137.9) | -42(-44.2;-39.6) |
| Santa Catarina | 6051.7 (5428.2;6799.7) | 217.3 (194;244) | 9233.2 (8225;10363.8) | 116.9 (104.7;130.7) | -46.2(-48.4;-43.9) |
| São Paulo | 46409.7 (41385.4;52301.6) | 211.8 (189;237.8) | 60790.5 (54232.4;68365.1) | 115.3 (103.1;129.1) | -45.6(-47.6;-43.2) |
| Sergipe | 1934 (1730;2172.7) | 223.7 (199.5;252.8) | 3130.2 (2788.5;3515.3) | 137.5 (121.9;154.9) | -38.5(-41;-36.1) |
| Tocantins | 983.6 (880.8;1103.9) | 209.4 (186.8;235.8) | 1915.1 (1711.7;2149.6) | 130.4 (116.1;146.8) | -37.7(-39.9;-35.4) |
| B.2.3.1-Ischemic stroke | (;) | ||||
| Acre | 234.7 (198.1;276) | 129.1 (109.1;153.4) | 519.9 (437.3;621.3) | 83.1 (69.5;100.1) | -35.7(-39;-32.1) |
| Alagoas | 2126.1 (1797.7;2557.6) | 152.1 (127.7;182.7) | 3132.2 (2649.1;3741) | 98.3 (83.1;117.5) | -35.4(-38.5;-31.9) |
| Amapá | 137.8 (116.4;163.5) | 123.5 (104.7;146.9) | 443.2 (371.4;527.4) | 83 (69.3;100.2) | -32.8(-36.4;-29.4) |
| Amazonas | 1115.4 (942.3;1321.9) | 128 (107.5;153) | 2320 (1961.8;2766.2) | 78.9 (66.2;94.7) | -38.4(-41.8;-35.2) |
| Bahia | 9662.6 (8194;11470.4) | 137 (115.2;163.5) | 13529.8 (11418.1;16201.2) | 84.4 (71.3;101.4) | -38.4(-41.6;-35.1) |
| Brazil | 124392.2 (105330.6;147825.6) | 136.6 (115.7;163.1) | 179196.5 (151357.9;214373.1) | 78.2 (66.1;93) | -42.7(-44.3;-41) |
| Ceará | 4856.7 (4120.9;5778.9) | 114.8 (97.5;137.8) | 7890.5 (6663.6;9437.6) | 80 (67.3;95.9) | -30.4(-34.1;-26.7) |
| Distrito Federal | 868.1 (723.3;1033.8) | 134 (112.8;159.3) | 1809.8 (1509.1;2188.5) | 72.3 (60.7;86.7) | -46.1(-49.1;-42.6) |
| Espírito Santo | 2275.7 (1914.3;2715.3) | 150.5 (125.8;179.6) | 3467 (2922.3;4169) | 82.2 (69.5;98.8) | -45.4(-48.6;-42.1) |
| Goiás | 2992.8 (2527.4;3552.5) | 136.8 (114.5;163.6) | 5058.9 (4248.6;6087.8) | 75.1 (63.2;89.3) | -45.1(-48.1;-41.4) |
| Maranhão | 3396.3 (2881.3;4007.1) | 125.3 (105.4;149.2) | 5690.4 (4787.9;6828.1) | 84.6 (70.6;102.1) | -32.5(-36.1;-28.1) |
| Mato Grosso | 1153.3 (973;1377.4) | 132.4 (111.5;158.9) | 2517.5 (2120.5;3035.3) | 78.1 (65.7;93.6) | -41(-44.3;-37.3) |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 1292.2 (1089.1;1537.5) | 136.7 (115.3;162.6) | 2274.4 (1911.5;2740.1) | 79.7 (67;95.5) | -41.7(-44.5;-38.3) |
| Minas Gerais | 14540.3 (12317.9;17373.4) | 144.4 (122.3;173) | 19901.1 (16652.3;23738.5) | 77.6 (65.5;92.1) | -46.3(-49;-43.5) |
| Pará | 3096.2 (2613.6;3679.7) | 136.9 (115.2;164) | 5917.9 (4992.5;7076.2) | 84.1 (70.4;101) | -38.6(-42.2;-35.2) |
| Paraíba | 2758.3 (2324.9;3314.4) | 116.9 (98.1;139.2) | 3468.1 (2933.9;4111.9) | 73.2 (61.8;87.2) | -37.3(-40.7;-33.6) |
| Paraná | 7723.4 (6504.8;9218.1) | 155.3 (130.9;185.7) | 10972 (9206.3;13160.8) | 85.9 (72.6;102.6) | -44.7(-47.5;-41.6) |
| Pernambuco | 6284.5 (5253.6;7513.5) | 135.6 (114.1;162.7) | 8045.9 (6746.4;9649) | 81.9 (68.3;98.3) | -39.6(-43;-35.9) |
| Piaui | 1833.4 (1549.5;2202.9) | 125.4 (106;151.7) | 3104.4 (2627.3;3712.2) | 82.4 (69.6;98.3) | -34.3(-37.4;-30.3) |
| Rio de Janeiro | 14572.8 (12240.7;17353.3) | 152.1 (128.2;181.2) | 17229.2 (14426.9;20533.9) | 79.8 (67.5;94.4) | -47.6(-50.4;-44.4) |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 1983.6 (1678.6;2356) | 120.1 (101.2;142.8) | 2791.3 (2349.1;3316.4) | 72.3 (60.9;85.8) | -39.8(-43;-36.4) |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 9402.5 (7929.3;11220) | 143.6 (121.4;171.7) | 12220.3 (10214;14674.4) | 81.9 (68.8;97.5) | -43(-46.1;-39.6) |
| Rondônia | 593.2 (495.3;710.8) | 149.9 (126;178.4) | 1196.9 (1010.6;1430) | 79.4 (66.9;94.5) | -47(-49.9;-44.3) |
| Roraima | 91.8 (76.6;108.4) | 130.7 (109.5;155.8) | 296.9 (251.5;353.1) | 77.9 (66.1;92.9) | -40.4(-43.5;-36.5) |
| Santa Catarina | 3274.2 (2755.5;3906.2) | 127.5 (107.2;151.8) | 5606.5 (4695.5;6715.2) | 73 (61.2;86.8) | -42.8(-46;-39.1) |
| São Paulo | 26425.9 (22386.7;31427.6) | 129 (109.4;154.4) | 36725.9 (30859.2;43889.2) | 70.8 (59.9;83.9) | -45.1(-47.9;-42) |
| Sergipe | 1153.2 (971.2;1386.3) | 139.3 (117.5;167.3) | 1914.7 (1612.8;2293.7) | 86.5 (72.8;104) | -37.9(-41.4;-34.3) |
| Tocantins | 547.4 (457.3;652.8) | 126.5 (105.7;150.2) | 1151.6 (970.8;1370.7) | 81 (68.2;96.7) | -35.9(-39;-32.4) |
| B.2.3.2-Intracerebral hemorrhage | (;) | ||||
| Acre | 126.1 (107.3;149.1) | 60 (50.8;70.3) | 233.4 (196.3;275.5) | 33 (27.8;39.1) | -45(-47.6;-42.2) |
| Alagoas | 1026.1 (872.9;1207.1) | 67.1 (56.8;78.6) | 1319.9 (1108.2;1573.9) | 39 (32.8;46.8) | -41.9(-44.8;-38.8) |
| Amapá | 74.2 (62.7;87.1) | 56.4 (47.6;66.1) | 199.7 (167.3;235.8) | 32 (26.9;38) | -43.2(-46;-40.4) |
| Amazonas | 619.5 (524.9;728) | 60.9 (51.9;71.2) | 1057.5 (883.3;1245.1) | 32 (26.9;38.1) | -47.4(-50.1;-44.8) |
| Bahia | 4959.8 (4246;5818.1) | 64.9 (55.4;76.4) | 5735.4 (4853.1;6730) | 34.9 (29.5;41) | -46.1(-48.7;-43.3) |
| Brazil | 67428.6 (57078.1;79099.3) | 66 (56.1;77.9) | 74671 (62811.6;88635.8) | 31.6 (26.6;37.3) | -52.1(-53.5;-50.5) |
| Ceará | 2343.9 (1995.2;2740.3) | 52.8 (44.8;62.2) | 3351.2 (2826.3;3942.5) | 33.2 (28;39) | -37.1(-40.2;-33.7) |
| Distrito Federal | 558.7 (471;663.8) | 65.4 (55.8;77.3) | 790.4 (654.4;941.1) | 27.6 (23.2;32.8) | -57.8(-60.2;-55.4) |
| Espírito Santo | 1270.6 (1075.6;1501.2) | 73.9 (62.8;87.5) | 1461.3 (1228.6;1746.4) | 33.1 (27.9;39.5) | -55.1(-57.3;-52.7) |
| Goiás | 1822.3 (1538.8;2124.8) | 70.5 (60.1;82.8) | 2248.2 (1886.2;2685.2) | 31.1 (26.2;37) | -55.9(-58.2;-53.5) |
| Maranhão | 1641 (1394.3;1921.1) | 55.7 (47.3;65.5) | 2557.2 (2151.7;3039.5) | 36.3 (30.3;43.1) | -34.9(-38.2;-31.4) |
| Mato Grosso | 646.7 (543.7;760.9) | 60.2 (50.9;70.9) | 1077.9 (903.8;1284.1) | 30.4 (25.5;36.1) | -49.6(-52.1;-47) |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 777.3 (655.6;912.7) | 69.8 (59.4;82.2) | 1002 (836;1189.7) | 33.3 (28;39.4) | -52.3(-54.8;-49.9) |
| Minas Gerais | 8317.6 (7018;9699.9) | 73.1 (62.5;85.2) | 8217.1 (6891.1;9768.9) | 31.9 (27;37.7) | -56.4(-58.8;-54.2) |
| Pará | 1633.3 (1385.5;1919.1) | 62.8 (53.3;73.8) | 2491 (2103.9;2941.4) | 32.1 (27.1;38.1) | -48.8(-51.2;-46.2) |
| Paraíba | 1357 (1140.3;1598.3) | 56.6 (47.7;66.5) | 1652.8 (1391.8;1948.6) | 35.2 (29.6;41.7) | -37.7(-40.7;-34.5) |
| Paraná | 4074.7 (3437.9;4796.7) | 71.4 (60.1;84.1) | 4081.4 (3406.8;4870) | 31 (26.1;36.7) | -56.6(-58.9;-54.1) |
| Pernambuco | 3388.5 (2863;3953.6) | 68.2 (57.9;79.9) | 3762.9 (3169.8;4455.3) | 36.6 (30.9;43.3) | -46.4(-48.8;-43.8) |
| Piaui | 933.5 (789.8;1101.7) | 58.4 (49.1;68.8) | 1256.6 (1061.5;1482.9) | 33.3 (28.1;39.4) | -42.9(-45.6;-40.3) |
| Rio de Janeiro | 8489.5 (7139.9;9988.4) | 79 (67.3;92) | 7573.4 (6346.9;8980.5) | 34.9 (29.5;41) | -55.8(-58.3;-53.3) |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 963.6 (817.6;1128.9) | 56.4 (47.7;65.9) | 1188.6 (1009.1;1401.6) | 30.3 (25.7;35.8) | -46.2(-48.5;-43.6) |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 4943.9 (4168;5839) | 67.4 (57.3;79.4) | 4659.2 (3902;5531) | 31.7 (26.8;37.4) | -53(-55.5;-50.6) |
| Rondônia | 351.8 (294.1;419.3) | 67.5 (57.2;79.2) | 508.8 (427;605) | 30.4 (25.7;36) | -54.9(-57.1;-52.8) |
| Roraima | 54.6 (45.5;64.3) | 59.6 (50.5;69.8) | 125.4 (105.4;149.5) | 28.4 (23.9;33.8) | -52.4(-54.9;-49.7) |
| Santa Catarina | 2023.7 (1711.8;2390.1) | 67.8 (57.7;79.4) | 2267.2 (1895.1;2697.9) | 27.9 (23.5;32.9) | -58.8(-61;-56.4) |
| São Paulo | 14142.1 (11564.1;17144.7) | 60.6 (49.9;73.2) | 14566.1 (11933.1;17602.4) | 27.1 (22.3;32.5) | -55.2(-57.4;-52.4) |
| Sergipe | 577.7 (491.6;674.3) | 63.8 (53.9;74.8) | 802.6 (679;952.8) | 34.2 (28.9;40.7) | -46.4(-49;-43.5) |
| Tocantins | 311 (262.5;365.8) | 61.3 (52.1;71.9) | 483.8 (409.1;573) | 31.8 (26.9;37.8) | -48(-50.7;-45.6) |
| B.2.3.3-Subarachnoid hemorrhage | (;) | ||||
| Acre | 51.1 (43.4;61.2) | 21.4 (18;25.6) | 134.1 (112.5;160.6) | 17.5 (14.7;21.1) | -18.3(-23.6;-13.3) |
| Alagoas | 373.7 (317.3;440.8) | 22.6 (19.1;26.8) | 626.2 (523.3;750.7) | 17.9 (15;21.4) | -20.9(-26;-15.6) |
| Amapá | 30.2 (25.5;35.7) | 20.1 (16.9;24) | 116.5 (97.9;137.7) | 17 (14.2;20.1) | -15.4(-20.4;-10.1) |
| Amazonas | 232.3 (195.8;277.2) | 19.7 (16.6;23.5) | 586.9 (497;703.8) | 16.5 (14;19.9) | -16.2(-21.1;-11.1) |
| Bahia | 1749 (1483.9;2051.6) | 21.5 (18.2;25.7) | 2950.6 (2469;3519.1) | 17.6 (14.7;20.9) | -18.3(-23.3;-13.3) |
| Brazil | 24819.8 (21095;29388.3) | 22.1 (18.6;26.3) | 41643 (34891.4;50228.6) | 17.2 (14.4;20.6) | -22.2(-25.1;-19.3) |
| Ceará | 968.2 (825.4;1146.9) | 20.9 (17.8;25) | 1817.9 (1524;2194.1) | 17.7 (14.8;21.3) | -15.7(-20.8;-10.8) |
| Distrito Federal | 250.6 (211.3;301.2) | 23.5 (19.8;28.1) | 531.4 (441.6;644) | 16.7 (14;20) | -29(-33.2;-24) |
| Espírito Santo | 445 (377.6;531.3) | 23.2 (19.6;27.8) | 792.1 (654.9;957.8) | 17.4 (14.5;20.9) | -25(-30;-19.8) |
| Goiás | 647.8 (545.5;774.8) | 22 (18.5;26.3) | 1247.7 (1037.7;1523.1) | 16.4 (13.7;19.9) | -25.2(-29.7;-20.6) |
| Maranhão | 692.5 (586.5;829.9) | 22.1 (18.6;26.7) | 1355.2 (1142.2;1621) | 18.8 (15.8;22.7) | -14.9(-20.1;-9.2) |
| Mato Grosso | 266.6 (222.9;317.9) | 20.9 (17.5;24.9) | 628.9 (526.9;754.9) | 16.6 (14;19.9) | -20.6(-25.2;-15.5) |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 279.9 (237;330.7) | 22.1 (18.7;26.4) | 539.6 (447.2;649) | 17.2 (14.4;20.6) | -22.2(-27.2;-17.6) |
| Minas Gerais | 2880.7 (2426.3;3418) | 23.2 (19.5;27.6) | 4518.6 (3782.4;5427.8) | 17.3 (14.6;20.7) | -25.4(-30.7;-20.3) |
| Pará | 605.2 (511.4;718.8) | 20.4 (17;24.7) | 1378.1 (1167.4;1628.7) | 16.8 (14.2;19.8) | -17.8(-22.6;-12.3) |
| Paraíba | 551.5 (469;654.5) | 22.8 (19.3;27.4) | 836.3 (703;998.7) | 17.8 (15;21.3) | -22.1(-27.1;-17.3) |
| Paraná | 1469.3 (1239.3;1759.9) | 22.6 (19.1;27.1) | 2318.8 (1934.8;2839.6) | 17.1 (14.4;20.8) | -24.4(-29.3;-19.7) |
| Pernambuco | 1077.4 (909.4;1293.2) | 20.4 (17.1;24.8) | 1869.7 (1556;2258.3) | 17.7 (14.8;21.2) | -13.5(-18.6;-7.9) |
| Piaui | 382.7 (322.5;456.4) | 22.2 (18.6;26.8) | 676.5 (564.7;813.9) | 17.8 (14.8;21.4) | -19.8(-24.6;-14.5) |
| Rio de Janeiro | 2752.4 (2313.7;3277.1) | 23.5 (19.8;28.2) | 3763.9 (3113.5;4544.3) | 17.2 (14.3;20.6) | -27(-31.6;-21.8) |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 352.1 (296.8;418.4) | 20 (16.7;23.9) | 640.4 (533.2;768.3) | 16.1 (13.4;19.3) | -19.5(-24.2;-14.9) |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 1676.9 (1410.2;2002.7) | 20.9 (17.5;24.9) | 2390.9 (1975.7;2914.1) | 16.3 (13.7;19.7) | -21.8(-26.6;-16.4) |
| Rondônia | 138 (115.7;165.1) | 21 (17.7;25.2) | 295.9 (246.3;357) | 16.4 (13.8;19.7) | -22(-26.6;-17.1) |
| Roraima | 22.8 (18.9;27.4) | 19.7 (16.4;23.8) | 76.1 (62.9;90.7) | 15.5 (13;18.6) | -21.3(-26;-15.8) |
| Santa Catarina | 753.8 (635.9;895) | 22 (18.4;26.3) | 1359.5 (1133;1634.6) | 16 (13.5;19) | -27.2(-31.8;-22.4) |
| São Paulo | 5841.7 (4872.1;7001.2) | 22.2 (18.6;26.8) | 9498.5 (7897.7;11571.9) | 17.3 (14.5;21) | -22.2(-27.1;-16.8) |
| Sergipe | 203.1 (173;240.8) | 20.7 (17.6;24.6) | 413 (345.2;497.7) | 16.8 (14;20.3) | -18.7(-23.5;-13.7) |
| Tocantins | 125.3 (106.8;148.7) | 21.7 (18.4;26) | 279.8 (234.6;335.7) | 17.6 (14.8;21.1) | -19.1(-23.8;-14.4) |
Source: Data derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. 46