Table 2.
Clinical characteristics between PPGL patients with vs. without CICMPP.
| Variable | CICMPP (n = 50) | PPGL without CICMPP (n = 152) | p | Variable | CICMPP (n = 50) | PPGL without CICMPP (n = 152) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onset age, years, mean (SD) | 36.9 (15.0) | 41.7 (11.8) | 0.041 | Maximum HR, beats/min, mean (SD) | 126.5 (32.7) | 95.3 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Disease course, months, mean (SD) | 51.4 (42.0) | 95.3 (86.0) | 0.195 | Blood | |||
| Symptoms and signs | Hematocrit, %, median (IQR) | 43.10 (6.70) | 41.86 (2.50) | 0.034 | |||
| Headache, n (%) | 34 (68.0) | 65 (42.8) | 0.002 | Glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 9.20 (4.40) | 6.75 (2.20) | <0.001 |
| Diaphoresis, n (%) | 35 (70.0) | 42 (27.6) | 0.005 | 24h urine | |||
| Palpitation, n (%) | 32 (64.0) | 58 (38.1) | 0.001 | Norepinephrine, mcg, median (IQR) | 259.20 (773.93) | 97.33 (1,321.80) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 47 (94.0) | 91 (59.9) | <0.001 | Epinephrine, mcg, median (IQR) | 5.40 (8.11) | 3.95 (25.10) | 0.037 |
| Hypotension, n (%) | 5 (10.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0.011 | Dopamine, mcg, median (IQR) | 333.26 (336.99) | 269.95 (126.04) | 0.015 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 17 (34.0) | 3 (2.0) | <0.001 | Tumor | |||
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 16 (32.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 | Adrenal, n (%) | 33 (66.0) | 111 (73.0) | 0.341 |
| Impaired tip perfusion, n (%) | 12 (24.0) | 16 (10.5) | 0.017 | Multiple, n (%) | 7 (14.0) | 16 (10.5) | 0.502 |
| Syncope, n (%) | 7 (14.0) | 3 (2.0) | 0.003 | Diameter, mm, median (IQR) | 56.0 (29.0) | 46.8 (29.3) | 0.005 |
| Nausea and vomiting, n (%) | 24 (48.0) | 21 (13.8) | <0.001 | Metastatic, n (%) | 8 (27.6) | 5 (5.2) | 0.002 |
| Number of symptoms and signs, median (IQR) | 4 (2) | 2 (2) | <0.001 | Comorbidities | |||
| Classic triad, n (%) | 19 (38.0) | 24 (15.8) | 0.001 | Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 33 (66.0) | 42 (27.6) | <0.001 |
| No symptom, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 30 (19.7) | 0.001 | Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 13 (26.0) | 17 (11.2) | 0.011 |
| Family history | Renal damage, n (%) | 12 (24.0) | 1 (0.6) | <0.001 | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (38.0) | 34 (22.4) | 0.029 | Retinal damage, n (%) | 18 (36.0) | 8 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 3 (6.0) | 3 (2.0) | 0.163 | Hepatic damage, n (%) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 |
| MEN, n (%) | 1 (2.0) | 8 (5.3) | 0.457 | Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.060 |
| VHL, n (%) | 3 (6.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.048 | Cerebral bleeding, n (%) | 2 (4.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.152 |
| Other endocrine tumors, n (%) | 16 (32.0) | 31 (20.4) | 0.092 | MODS, n (%) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 |
| Maximum systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 207.6 (28.9) | 188.3 (39.7) | <0.001 | ASA-PS Grade, median (IQR) | 3 (1) | 2 (0) | <0.001 |
| Maximum diastolic BP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 120.7 (20.0) | 98.5 (20.0) | <0.001 | NYHA functional classification, median (IQR) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | <0.001 |
| Maximum mean BP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 147.1 (22.1) | 119.5 (35.5) | <0.001 |
Classic triad: headache, diaphoresis, and palpitation; MEN, multiple endocrine neoplasia; VHL, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; Renal damage: abnormal renal function test and/or urinalysis due to renal damage; Retinal damage: abnormal result in fundus examination; Hepatic damage: abnormal liver function test or PT and/or APTT due to impaired hepatic function; ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; NYHA, New York Heart Association; Other endocrine tumors: Thyroid tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors, and pituitary endocrine tumors.
Bolding means statistically significant.