Characteristics of Excluded studies

Title	Author	Reason for Exclusion
SMS education for the promotion of diabetes self-management in low & middle income countries: a pilot randomized controlled trial in Egypt	Abaza et al	Not Asian
Diabetes and TelecommunicationS (DATES) study to support self-management for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial	Al-Ozairi et al	Only protocol reported
DialBetics: A Novel Smartphone-based Self-management Support System for Type 2 Diabetes Patients	Waki et al	Website based intervention used
Effects of mobile phone application combined with or without self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control in patients with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial	Yu et al	4 intervention arms are used in the study
Effect of case management on glycemic control and behavioral outcomes for chinese people with type 2 diabetes: A 2-year study	Yuan et al	Patient centered case management intervention used
Electronic messaging intervention for management of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial	Fang et al	No usual care intervention
Impact of web-based nurse’s education on glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients	Kim et al	Sub study reported
Effects of Mobile Text Messaging on Glycemic Control in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Huo et al	Coronary heart disease patients also included
Effectiveness of mobile and internet intervention in patients with obese type 2 diabetes	Kim et al	Internet based intervention used
Automated Feedback Messages With Shichifukujin Characters Using IoT System-Improved Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes: A Prospective, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial	Kobayashi et al	No full text available
Effectiveness of short message service-based intervention (SMS) on self-care in type 2 diabetes: A feasibility study	Peimani et al	No full text available
Feasibility study of automated interactive voice response telephone calls with community health nurse follow-up to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes	Pichayapinyo et al	No full text available
Efficacy of a telephone-based intervention among patients with type-2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial in pharmacy practice	Sarayani et al	No full text available
Effects of a patient oriented decision aid for prioritising treatment goals in diabetes: pragmatic randomised controlled trial	Denig et al	Not Asian
The development and feasibility of a web-based intervention with diaries and situational feedback via smartphone to support self-management in patients with diabetes type 2	Nes et al	Not Asian
Reduced HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes patients: An interaction between a pedagogical format for students and psycho-educational intervention for patients	Sarid et al	No full text available
Mobile phone intervention to improve diabetes care in rural areas of Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial	Shahid et al	No full text available
Reinforcement of adherence to prescription recommendations in Asian Indian diabetes patients using short message service (SMS)--a pilot study	Shetty et al	Different outcome reported
Effects of continuous care for patients with type 2 diabetes using mobile health application: A randomised controlled trial	Wang et al	No full text available
Effectiveness of Smartphone App–Based Interactive Management on Glycemic Control in Chinese Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial	Zhang et al	3 intervention arms used
Welltang – A smart phone-based diabetes management application – Improves blood glucose control in Chinese people with diabetes	Zhou et al	Type 1 and type 2 Diabetes patients included
Web-Based Care Management in Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes	McMohan et al	Not Asian
Remote Lifestyle Coaching Plus a Connected Glucose Meter with Certified Diabetes Educator Support Improves Glucose and Weight Loss for People with Type 2 Diabetes	Bollyky et al	Not Asian
Design and patient characteristics of the randomized controlled trial TExT-MED+FANS A test of mHealth augmented social support added to a patient-focused text-messaging intervention for emergency department patients with poorly controlled diabetes	Burner et al	Not Asian
Effectiveness and safety of a glucose data-filtering system with automatic response software to reduce the physician workload in managing type 2 diabetes	Cho et al	Different intervention used
Mobile communication using a mobile phone with a glucometer for glucose control in Type 2 patients with diabetes: as effective as an Internet-based glucose monitoring system	Cho et al	Different intervention used
Impact of web-based nurse’s education on glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients	Kim et al	Sub study reported
Design and rationale of the Cardiovascular Health and Text Messaging (CHAT) Study and the CHAT-Diabetes Mellitus (CHATDM) Study: two randomised controlled trials of text messaging to improve secondary prevention for coronary heart disease and diabetes	Huo et al	CHD patients included
The Effect of a Smartphone-Based, Patient-Centered sDiabetes Care System in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial for 24 Weeks	Kim et al	Control group is logbook user
A randomized controlled trial of a nurse short-message service by cellular phone for people with diabetes	kim et al	Substudy
A randomised, controlled trial of the effects of a mobile telehealth intervention on clinical and patientreported outcomes in people with poorly controlled diabetes	Baron et al	Not Asian
Mobile Phone-Based Video Messages for Diabetes Self-Care Support	Bell et al	Not Asian
Feasibility study of portable technology for weight loss and HbA1c control in type 2 diabetes	Bentley et al	Not Asian
Automated Insulin Dosing Guidance to Optimize Insulin Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; A Multi-Center Randomized-Controlled Trial	Bergenstal et al	Not Asian
Effectiveness of diabetes self-management education via a smartphone application in insulin treated type 2 diabetes patients – design of a randomised controlled trial (‘TRIGGER study’)	Boels et al	Not Asian
Efficacy of an Electronic Health Management Program for Patients With Cardiovascular Risk: Randomized Controlled Trial	Yun et al	Other diseases also included
Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a mobile phone text messaging intervention for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial	Islam et al	Substudy
Effects of Face-to-Face and Telephone-Based Family-Oriented Education on Self-Care Behavior and Patient Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Maslakpak et al	3 intervention arms used
The long-term effect of community-based health management on the elderly with type 2 diabetes by the Markov modeling	Chao et al	Different intervention (Markov modeling) used
Mobile phone text messaging and Telephone follow-up in type 2 diabetic patients for 3 months: A comparative study	Zolfaghari et al	Both arms used intervention
Effectiveness of a Video-Based Lifestyle Education Program Compared to Usual Care in Improving HbA1c and Other Metabolic Parameters in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: An Open-Label Parallel Arm Randomized Control Trial (RCT)	gupta et al	Different intervention used
A smartphone app to improve medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Asia: Feasibility randomized controlled trial	Huang et al	Different outcome reported
A nurse short message service by cellular phone in type-2 diabetic patients for six months	kim et al	Substudy
The effectiveness, reproducibility, and durability of tailored mobile coaching on diabetes management in policyholders: A randomized, controlled, open-label study	lee et al	Different intervention used
Effectiveness of an mHealth-Based Electronic Decision Support System for Integrated Management of Chronic Conditions in Primary Care The mWellcare Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial	Prabhakarn et al	Hypertensive patients also included
Effects of telephone-delivered lifestyle support on the development of diabetes in participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes: J-DOIT1, a pragmatic cluster randomised trial	Sakane et al	no diabetes patients are included (only the risky patients)
Effect of a mobile phone-based glucose-monitoring and feedback system for type 2 diabetes management in multiple primary care clinic settings: Cluster randomized controlled trial	Yang et al	no full text available
Use of a Novel, Remotely Connected Diabetes Management System Is Associated with Increased Treatment Satisfaction, Reduced Diabetes Distress, and Improved Glycemic Control in Individuals with Insulin-Treated Diabetes: First Results from the Personal Diabetes Management Study	Mora et al	Not Asian
The impact of a structured education and treatment programme (FLASH) for people with diabetes using a flash sensor-based glucose monitoring system: Results of a randomized controlled trial	Hermanns et al	Not Asian
Effect of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose, with and without additional TeleCare support, on overall glycaemic control in non-insulin treated Type 2 diabetes: the SMBG Study, a 12-month randomized controlled trial	Parsons et al	Not Asian