Table 1.
Summary of findings of the key outcomes of this meta-analysis
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Risk with Control | Risk with Tirzepatide | ||||
| HbA1c ACG | The mean hbA1c ACG was 8.28% | MD 0.77 lower (1.01 lower-0.53 lower) | - | 3046 (4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowa,b |
| Fasting glucose ACG | The mean fasting glucose ACG was 9.39 mmol/L | MD 0.75 lower (1.05 lower-0.45 lower) | - | 3046 (4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowa,b |
| Weight loss >5% ACG | 195 per 1000 | 823 per 1000 (362-974) | OR 19.18 (2.34-157.17) | 2956 (3 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderatea |
| Weight loss >10% ACG | 79 per 1000 | 646 per 1000 (168-943) | OR 21.40 (2.36-193.94) | 2956 (3 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowa,b |
| People with >1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TAEs) ACG | 644 per 1000 | 721 per 1000 (674-765) | OR 1.43 (1.14-1.80) | 3091 (4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb |
| Hypoglycemia ACG | 435 per 1000 | 198 per 1000 (116-316) | OR 0.32 (0.17-0.60) | 3091 (4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ High |
| People achieving HbA1c <6.5% ACG | 426 per 1,000 | 765 per 1,000 (644-855) | OR 4.39 (2.44-7.92) | 3046 (4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowc |
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | |||||
| High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. | |||||
| Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. | |||||
| Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. | |||||
| Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | |||||
| Explanations | |||||
| a. I2 is 100% suggestive of considerable heterogeneity in data | |||||
| b. Funnel plot is suggestive of the presence of most of the studies outside the plot; hence, it is likely that significant publication bias is present | |||||
| c. I2 is more than 90% suggestive of considerable heterogeneity in data | |||||
*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; OR: odds ratio; ACG: active control group