Table 5.
Factors predicting postpartum diabetes at 6 months
| Parameters | Normal n=98 | Postpartum diabetes n=16 | P* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at diagnosis (years) | 29.4±4.5 | 32.1±5.3 | 0.032 |
| Maternal age ≥35 years | 20 (20.4) | 8 (50.0) | 0.011 |
| Prepregnancy obesity | 20 (20.4) | 7 (43.8) | 0.057 |
| Previous history of GDM | 16 (16.3) | 5 (31.2) | 0.155 |
| Family history of diabetes | 36 (36.7) | 9 (56.3) | 0.138 |
| Parity | |||
| 1 | 49 (50.0) | 9 (56.2) | 0.647 |
| 2 | 32 (32.7) | 4 (25.0) | 0.540 |
| 3 | 17 (17.3) | 3 (18.7) | 0.892 |
| Signs of insulin resistance | 11 (11.2) | 7 (43.8) | 0.001 |
| Gestational age at diagnosis (weeks) | 22.7±5.2 | 19.2±4.9 | 0.013 |
| Diagnosis of HIP early in pregnancy (<24 weeks) | 26 (26.5) | 10 (56.3) | 0.017 |
| Overt diabetes | 24 (24.9) | 8 (50.0) | 0.039 |
| Need for insulin treatment during pregnancy | 41 (41.8) | 13 (81.3) | 0.003 |
| Obesity in pregnancy | 21 (21.4) | 8 (50.0) | 0.015 |
| Twin pregnancy | 7 (7.1) | 3 (18.7) | 0.292 |
| Macrosomia | 4 (4.1) | 2 (12.5) | 0.165 |
| Polyhydramnios | 8 (8.2) | 3 (18.7) | 0.185 |
| Gestational hypertension | 15 (15.3) | 4 (25.0) | 0.336 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.6±1.8 | 37.9±1.4 | 0.141 |
| Stillbirth | 5 (5.1) | 2 (12.5) | 0.255 |
| FPG (mg/dL) [mmol/L] | 88.8±19.3 [4.9±1.1] | 120.7±26.2 [6.7±1.5] | <0.001 |
| 1-h PG (mg/dL) [mmol/L] | 197.9±24.1 [11.0±1.3] | 211.3±32.7 [11.7±1.8] | 0.053 |
| 2-h PG (mg/dL) [mmol/L] | 172.1±23.7 [9.6±1.3] | 214.8±41.4 [11.9±2.3] | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) [mmol/mol] | 5.9±1.1 [41.0] | 7.8±2.3 [61.7] | <0.001 |
Categorical variables [n (%)] and Continuous variables [mean±SD]. *P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; HIP: hyperglycemia in pregnancy; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PG: postload glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin