TABLE 1.
Meta‐analysis of eligible studies reporting on selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from houseflies in different regions
| Study reference | Region | Method of diagnosis utilized | Sample size | E. coli no. of positives: (prevalence) | E. faecium no. of positives: (Prevalence) | S. aureus no. of positives: (Prevalence) | K. pneumonia no. of positives: (Prevalence) | P. aeruginosano. of positives: (Prevalence) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fotedar, Banerjee, Shriniwas, and Verma (1992) | India | Culture | 113 | 22: (19.5%) | — | 24: (21.2%) | — | 5: (4.4%) |
| Bouamama et al. (2010) | Morocco | Culture | 600 | 26: (4.3%) | — | 8: (1.3%) | — | — |
| Fotedar, Banarjee, Samantray, and Shriniwas (1992) | India | Culture | 240 | — | — | — | 45: (18.8%) | — |
| Hemmatinezhad et al. (2015) | Iran | Culture PCR | 600 | — | — | — | — | 53: (8.8%) |
| Macovei and Zurek (2006) | USA | PCR | 268 | — | 14: (5.2%) | — | — | — |
| Macovei et al. (2008) | USA | Culture PCR | 75 | — | 3: (4%) | — | — | — |
| Solà‐Ginés et al. (2015) | Spain | Culture | 615 | 41: (6.7%) | — | — | — | — |
| Mohammed et al. (2016) | Egypt | Culture | 22 | 6: (27.3%) | — | 2: (9.1%) | — | — |
| Nmorsi et al. (2007) | Nigeria | Culture | 737 | 194: (26.3%) | — | — | — | — |
| Ranjbar et al. (2016) | Iran | Culture PCR | 600 | — | — | — | 68: (11.3%) | — |
| Sobur et al. (2019) | Bangladesh | Culture PCR | 300 | 40: (13.3%) | — | — | — | — |
| Songe et al. (2016) | Zambia | Culture PCR | 418 | 307: (73.4%) | — | — | — | — |
| Usui et al. (2013) | Japan | Culture PCR | 91 | 41: (45.1%) | — | — | — | — |
| Usui et al. (2015) | Japan | Culture PCR | 74 | 13: (17.6%) | — | — | — | — |
| Yosboonruang et al. (2019) | Thailand | Culture PCR | 60 | 60: (100%) | — | — | — | — |
| Al‐Yousef. (2014) | Saudi Arabia | Culture | 200 | 85: (42,5%) | — | 21: (10.5%) | — | 22: (11%) |
| Baker et al. (2018) | Iraq | Culture | 150 | 36: (24%) | — | 25: (1.3%) | 11: (7.3%) | — |
| Burrus et al. (2017) | USA | Culture PCR | 35 | 27: (77.1%) | — | — | — | — |
| Doud et al. (2014) | USA | PCR | 276 | — | 60: (21.7%) | — | — | — |
| Manandhar and Gokhale (2017) | Nepal | Culture PCR | 100 | 8: (8%) | — | 4: (4%) | — | — |
| Nazari et al. (2017) | Iran | Culture | 300 | 46: (15.3%) | — | 25; (8.3%) | — | — |
| Neupane et al. (2019) | USA | Culture PCR | 60 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pohlenz et al. (2018) | USA | Culture | 224 | 205: (91.1%) | — | — | — | — |
| Puri‐Giri et al. (2017) | USA | Culture PCR | 463 | 159: (34.3%) | — | — | — | — |
| Rosef and Kapperud (1983) | Norway | Culture | 608 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vaziriannzadeh et al. (2008) | Iran | Culture | 230 | 230: (100%) | — | 169: (73.5%) | — | — |
| Tsangaan et al. (2015) | Japan | PCR | 267 | 114: (42.7%) | — | — | — | — |
| Szalanski et al. (2004) | USA | Culture PCR | 2,486 | 160: (6.4%) | — | — | — | — |
| Rahuma et al. (2005) | Libya | Culture | 150 | 58: (38.7%) | — | — | — | — |
| Yalli et al. (2017) | Nigeria | Culture | 150 | 11: (7.3%) | — | 12: (8%) | — | — |
| Nwankwo et al. (2020) | Nigeria | Culture | 150 | 35: (23.3%) | — | 23: (15.3%) | — | 9: (6%) |
| Davari et al. (2010) | Iran | Culture | 908 | 45: (4.95%) | — | — | — | 77: (8.5%) |
| Awache and Forouk (2016) | Nigeria | Culture | 1,059 | 177: (16.7%) | — | — | 113: (10.7%) | — |
| Akter et al. (2020) | Bangladesh | Culture PCR | 140 | 72: (51.4%) | — | 110: (78.6%) | — | — |
| Mawak and Olukose (2006) | Nigeria | Culture | 200 | 30: (15%) | — | — | — | — |
| Chaiwong et al. (2014) | Thailand | culture | 1,349 | 94: (6.96%) | — | 13: (0.96%) | — | 97: (7.2%) |
| Ghalehnoo (2015) | Iran | Culture | 450 | — | — | 87: (19.3%) | — | — |
| Kababian et al. (2020) | Iran | Culture | 160 | 59: (36.9%) | — | 27: (16.9%) | — | 33: (20.6%) |
| Moriya et al. (1999) | Japan | Culture PCR | 89 | 10: (11.2%) | — | — | — | — |
| Odentoyin et al. (2020) | Nigeria | Culture | 25 | 25: (100%) | — | 11: (44%) | 17: (68%) | 3: (12%) |
| Akter et al. (2017) | Bangladesh | Culture | 15 | 15: (100%) | — | — | — | — |
| Brits et al. (2016) | South Africa | Culture PCR | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Alam and Zurek (2004) | USA | Culture PCR | 3,440 | 75: (2.2%) | — | — | — | — |
| Choo et al. (2011) | Malaysia | Culture | 60 | — | — | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: PCR, polymerase chain reaction; USA, United States of America.