Table 5.
Use of connected devices and social media enabled features in clinical research by age class.
| Total | 18–24 years | 25–34 years | 35–44 years | 45–54 years | 55–64 years | 65 years or over | Global p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |||
| Would you be willing to use a health-related connected object within the context of a clinical study? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| No | 95 (6.2%) | 2 (2.0%) | 9 (2.7%) | 10 (2.9%) | 18 (5.9%) | 30 (11.3%) | 26 (15.4%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1434 (93.8%) | 100 (98.0%) | 328 (97.3%) | 340 (97.1%) | 288 (94.1%) | 235 (88.7%) | 143 (84.6%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | E F | E F | E F | F | A B C | A B C D | |
| If yes, please specify which one(s) | ||||||||
| N = 1434 | N = 100 | N = 328 | N = 340 | N = 288 | N = 235 | N = 143 | ||
| Connected weighing scales | 1312 (91.5%) | 92 (92.0%) | 317 (96.6%) | 319 (93.8%) | 263 (91.3%) | 204 (86.8%) | 117 (81.8%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | D E F | E F | B F | B C | B C D | |
| Connected watch/wristband | 1306 (91.1%) | 94 (94.0%) | 311 (94.8%) | 323 (95.0%) | 262 (91.0%) | 208 (88.5%) | 108 (75.5%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | F | E F | F | C F | A B C D E | |
| Connected patch | 1,032 (72.0%) | 77 (77.0%) | 275 (83.8%) | 254 (74.7%) | 201 (69.8%) | 147 (62.6%) | 78 (54.5%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | C D E F | B E F | B F | B C | A B C D | |
| Connected plate | 1001 (69.8%) | 79 (79.0%) | 260 (79.3%) | 251 (73.8%) | 199 (69.1%) | 141 (60.0%) | 71 (49.7%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | E F | D E F | E F | B F | A B C | A B C D | |
| Connected glasses | 789 (55.0%) | 64 (64.0%) | 219 (66.8%) | 200 (58.8%) | 154 (53.5%) | 107 (45.5%) | 45 (31.5%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | E F | D E F | E F | B F | A B C F | A B C D E | |
| What concerns you about the use of connected objects in clinical research? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| Protection of your personal data | 574 (37.5%) | 22 (21.6%) | 109 (32.3%) | 137 (39.1%) | 128 (41.8%) | 106 (40.0%) | 72 (42.6%) | 0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | C D E F | - | A | A | A | A | |
| Concerns that the tool will be unreliable | 543 (35.5%) | 54 (52.9%) | 147 (43.6%) | 137 (39.1%) | 96 (31.4%) | 77 (29.1%) | 32 (18.9%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | D E F | D E F | F | A B F | A B | A B C D | |
| Concerns about not being able to use the object | 436 (28.5%) | 20 (19.6%) | 75 (22.3%) | 88 (25.1%) | 89 (29.1%) | 91 (34.3%) | 73 (43.2%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | E F | F | F | B | A B C D | |
| Loss of human interaction | 371 (24.3%) | 26 (25.5%) | 70 (20.8%) | 66 (18.9%) | 73 (23.9%) | 77 (29.1%) | 59 (34.9%) | <0.001 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | F | E F | – | C | B C | |
| Ease of use | 323 (21.1%) | 20 (19.6%) | 86 (25.5%) | 87 (24.9%) | 57 (18.6%) | 51 (19.2%) | 22 (13.0%) | 0.009 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | F | F | – | – | B C | |
| Location tracking | 285 (18.6%) | 17 (16.7%) | 54 (16.0%) | 74 (21.1%) | 57 (18.6%) | 60 (22.6%) | 23 (13.6%) | 0.115 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Impact on understanding | 234 (15.3%) | 18 (17.6%) | 46 (13.6%) | 51 (14.6%) | 47 (15.4%) | 43 (16.2%) | 29 (17.2%) | 0.861 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Concerns of less efficient monitoring | 173 (11.3%) | 18 (17.6%) | 37 (11.0%) | 33 (9.4%) | 42 (13.7%) | 25 (9.4%) | 18 (10.7%) | 0.149 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Reluctance from healthcare professionals | 124 (8.1%) | 12 (11.8%) | 30 (8.9%) | 24 (6.9%) | 22 (7.2%) | 25 (9.4%) | 11 (6.5%) | 0.493 |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| In your opinion, what would be the best study format for conducting clinical studies? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| Digital | 276 (18.1%) | 14 (13.7%) | 51 (15.1%) | 79 (22.6%) | 60 (19.6%) | 38 (14.3%) | 34 (20.1%) | <0.001 |
| Exclusively physical | 212 (13.9%) | 9 (8.8%) | 31 (9.2%) | 26 (7.4%) | 38 (12.4%) | 57 (21.5%) | 51 (30.2%) | |
| Digital and physical | 1041 (68.1%) | 79 (77.5%) | 255 (75.7%) | 245 (70.0%) | 208 (68.0%) | 170 (64.2%) | 84 (49.7%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | E F | E F | F | B C | A B C D | |
| What would be the best way to provide information regarding a clinical research protocol? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| Paper document with explanations from a professional | 383 (25.0%) | 17 (16.7%) | 68 (20.2%) | 64 (18.3%) | 75 (24.5%) | 85 (32.1%) | 74 (43.8%) | <0.001 |
| Video and discussion with a professional and/or a quiz on key points | 378 (24.7%) | 36 (35.3%) | 78 (23.1%) | 89 (25.4%) | 77 (25.2%) | 65 (24.5%) | 33 (19.5%) | |
| A fun mobile app | 768 (50.2%) | 49 (48.0%) | 191 (56.7%) | 197 (56.3%) | 154 (50.3%) | 115 (43.4%) | 62 (36.7%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | E F | E F | F | B C | A B C D | |
| If you had to provide health-related data within the context of a clinical study, what would you consider the most appropriate format? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| Paper questionnaire | 104 (6.8%) | 12 (11.8%) | 20 (5.9%) | 19 (5.4%) | 15 (4.9%) | 22 (8.3%) | 16 (9.5%) | <0.001 |
| Questionnaire on a mobile app | 982 (64.2%) | 74 (72.5%) | 271 (80.4%) | 268 (76.6%) | 183 (59.8%) | 132 (49.8%) | 54 (32.0%) | |
| Questionnaire on a PC | 443 (29.0%) | 16 (15.7%) | 46 (13.6%) | 63 (18.0%) | 108 (35.3%) | 111 (41.9%) | 99 (58.6%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | D E F | D E F | D E F | A B C F | A B C F | A B C D E | |
| Would you agree to share, in a secure and anonymous manner, your social media content (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) with research staff? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| No | 606 (39.6%) | 33 (32.4%) | 115 (34.1%) | 128 (36.6%) | 118 (38.6%) | 123 (46.4%) | 89 (52.7%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 923 (60.4%) | 69 (67.6%) | 222 (65.9%) | 222 (63.4%) | 188 (61.4%) | 142 (53.6%) | 80 (47.3%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | E F | F | F | B | A B C D | |
| Would you be prepared to interact with an online chat system (chatbot) and send your recorded health information to a member of the research team? | ||||||||
| N = 1529 | N = 102 | N = 337 | N = 350 | N = 306 | N = 265 | N = 169 | ||
| No | 272 (17.8%) | 18 (17.6%) | 38 (11.3%) | 47 (13.4%) | 43 (14.1%) | 64 (24.2%) | 62 (36.7%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1257 (82.2%) | 84 (82.4%) | 299 (88.7%) | 303 (86.6%) | 263 (85.9%) | 201 (75.8%) | 107 (63.3%) | |
| Significant difference with other age class | – | F | E F | E F | E F | B C D F | A B C D E | |
Global p-value, when significant; Age classes, Significant difference with other age classes; N = number of participants per age class.