Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in pancreatic carcinoma patients with bone metastasis.
| Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | 1.021 (1.007-1.036) | 0.004 | 1.031 (1.013-1.050) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 2.186 (1.281-3.732) | 0.004 | 2.208 (1.257-3.877) | 0.006 |
| Other | 0.806 (0.422-1.540) | 0.514 | 0.718 (0.357-1.443) | 0.352 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | |||
| Male | 1.276 (0.909-1.791) | 0.158 | ||
| Histological subtype | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | ||
| Infiltrating duct carcinoma | 0.450 (0.234-0.868) | 0.017 | 0.419 (0.209-0.842) | 0.015 |
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.237 (0.127-0.444) | <0.001 | 0.259 (0.134-0.501) | <0.001 |
| Other | 0.612 (0.365-1.027) | 0.063 | 0.522 (0.296-0.920) | 0.024 |
| Grade | ||||
| Well differentiated: I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderately differentiated: II | 3.810 (1.786-8.131) | <0.001 | 2.350 (1.097-5.035) | 0.028 |
| Poorly differentiated: III | 5.194 (2.470-10.925) | <0.001 | 4.653 (2.191-9.882) | <0.001 |
| Undifferentiated; anaplastic: IV | 6.421 (2.502-16.480) | <0.001 | 6.740 (2.499-18.174) | <0.001 |
| Primary Site | ||||
| Head of pancreas | Reference | |||
| Body of pancreas | 0.859 (0.516-1.428) | 0.557 | ||
| Tail of pancreas | 0.752 (0.489-1.157) | 0.195 | ||
| Pancreatic duct | 11.786 (1.550-89.624) | 0.017 | ||
| Other specified parts of pancreas | 1.017 (0.401-2.576) | 0.972 | ||
| Overlapping lesion of pancreas | 0.895 (0.509-1.573) | 0.699 | ||
| Pancreas, NOS | 0.966 (0.433-2.154) | 0.933 | ||
| AJCC T stage | ||||
| T1 | Reference | |||
| T2 | 0.530 (0.225-1.251) | 0.147 | ||
| T3 | 0.352 (0.150-0.829) | 0.017 | ||
| T4 | 0.364 (0.151-0.877) | 0.024 | ||
| AJCC N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | |||
| N1 | 1.251 (0.888-1.763) | 0.201 | ||
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.416 (0.218-0.795) | 0.008 | 0.323 (0.150-0.695) | 0.004 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | 0.722 (0.495-1.052) | 0.090 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.638 (0.452-0.900) | 0.011 | 0.286 (0.191-0.430) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| 4-38 mm | Reference | |||
| 39-67 mm | 1.243 (0.857-1.802) | 0.252 | ||
| 68-150 mm | 1.192 (0.733-1.937) | 0.479 | ||
| Brain metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | 1.512 (0.738-3.099) | 0.259 | ||
| Liver metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | 1.092 (0.764-1.561) | 0.628 | ||
| Lung metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.575 (1.100-2.254) | 0.013 | 1.978 (1.314-2.976) | 0.001 |