Analytical parameters of conventional methods in detection of LPS.

Method	Sample	Technique	LOD/sensitivity	Ref.
Cultivation	—	Culture & plating	1.5 CFU mL−1	50
LAL	Milk	Chromogenic assay	∼103 CFU mL−1	45
LAL	Beef	Violet red bile agar overlay	5067.6 ng g−1	51
LAL	Physiological	Violet red bile agar overlay	7.00–7.49/g−1	52
LAL	Milk	—	1 : 104 to 1 : 109	48
LAL	Plasma	—	0.005 to 0.001 μg mL−1	53
ELISA	Complex mixtures	ELISA using poly-l-lysine	1 μg mL−1	54
ELISA	Murine	Sandwich capture ELISA	1 ng mL−1	55
ELISA	Clinical	ELISA-bacteriophage receptor protein	0.05 EU mL−1 up to 500 EU mL−1	56
ELISA	Human biofluid	ELISA-high coating efficiency	∼0.2 μg	57
Kit	Biological	Endpoint chromogenic assay	0.1 EU mL−1	58
Kinetic-QCL	Clinical	Endpoint chromogenic assay	0.005 EU mL−1	59
Pyrosate kit	Clinical	Gel clot assay	1.0 EU mL−1	60
EndoLISA	Biological	Fluorescence	0.005 EU mL−1	56