Table 1.

Information from wildlife confiscation events associated with the pangolins sampled for testing in this study.

Confiscation date	Confiscation province	Transportation route	Animals or products seized	No. pangolins sampled
24-Aug-2015*‡	Ninh Binh	Da Nang-Ha Noi	7 pangolins, 5 turtles	1
18-Nov-2016*	Ha Noi	unknown	total unknown	1
30-Nov-2016*	Nghe An	Dak Nong-Ninh Binh	17 pangolins	1
11-Dec-2016*	Ninh Binh	Laos PDR-Ha Tinh-Nam Dinh	7 pangolins	1
12-Dec-2016*	Ninh Binh	Ha Tinh-Ha Noi	70 pangolins	5
4-Jan-17*	Da Nang	High land-Da Nang	4 pangolins	1
20-Jan-2017*	Thanh Hoa	unknown	28 rescued, total unknown	10
6-Apr-2017	Hoa Binh	Thanh Hoa-Ha Noi	118 pangolins	66
15-May-2017	Thanh Hoa	Nghe An-Quang Ninh	31 pangolins	1
4-Aug-2017	Ha Noi	unknown	33 rescued, total unknown	2
14-Sep-2017	Ha Noi	unknown	79 rescued, total unknown	1
20-Sep-2017	Ha Noi	unknown	8 rescued, total unknown	2
18-Nov-2017	Hung Yen	Ha Noi-Quang Ninh	112 pangolins	40
28-Jan-2018	Ca Mau	Transportation: by ship	114 pangolins, 300 kg of pangolin scales	10
4-May-2018	Quang Tri	Lao Bao international border gate (Lao PDR-Viet Nam)	15 pangolins	12
14-Jun-2018	Thanh Hoa	unknown	74 pangolins	54
25-Jun-2018	Ha Tinh	Lao PDR-Nghe An	7 pangolins, 1 dead pangolin, 26 turtles, 4 soft-shell turtles	2
9-Jul-2018**	Hung Yen	Lao PDR (suspected origin)	116 pangolins, 22 rescued	15
16-Jul-2018	Hai Phong	Quang Ninh-Hai Phong	2 pangolins	2
Pangolins sampled in 2017 and 2018 at Save Viet Nam's Wildlife Rescue Center in Cuc Phuong National Park with exact trade confiscation location unknown				19
Total				246

Pangolins reported are live individuals unless indicated otherwise.

^*The pangolins from these events were not sampled until February 2017.

^‡Event associated with the confiscation of 525 kg of animal intestines.

^**Event associated with Sarbecovirus positive pangolins. Seven of the 15 pangolins sampled had positive Sarbecovirus results.