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. 2022 Mar 9;13:830850. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.830850

TABLE 1.

Confirmatory factor analyses fit indices for models with five to two factors for total, Italian, and Belgian sample.

Model & sample χ2 Df p CFI ΔCFI RMSEA ΔRMSEA SRMR BIC ΔBIC
A. Five-factor a, b 135.37 80 0.965 0.038 0.045 20,360
Italian 104.92 80 0.032 0.974 0.036 0.052 9,678
Belgian 199.68 80 < 0.001 0.940 0.047 0.046 30,030
B. Three-factor a,c 305.87 87 0.861 −0.104 0.073 + 0.035 0.063 20,530 + 170
Italian 177.47 87 < 0.001 0.905 −0.069 0.067 + 0.031 0.063 9,727 + 49
Belgian 462.12 87 < 0.001 0.812 −0.128 0.080 + 0.033 0.067 30,320 + 290
C.Three-factor a,d 215.20 87 0.919 −0.046 0.056 + 0.018 0.053 20,420 + 60
Italian 174.93 87 < 0.001 0.908 −0.066 0.066 + 0.030 0.061 9,727 + 49
Belgian 282.49 87 < 0.001 0.902 −0.038 0.058 + 0.011 0.053 30,093 + 63
D. Two-factor a,e 350.46 89 0.834 −0.131 0.079 + 0.041 0.066 20,578 + 218
Italian 209.86 89 < 0.001 0.874 −0.100 0.076 + 0.040 0.066 9,758 + 80
Belgian 514.78 89 < 0.001 0.787 −0.153 0.085 + 0.038 0.069 30,375 + 345

Ntotal sample, = 470; nItalian sample = 235; nBelgian sample = 667. CFI, Comparative fit index; RMSEA, Root mean square error of approximation; SRMR, Standardized root mean square residual; BIC, Bayesian information criterion. CFI, RMSEA, and BIC differences are relative to the five-factor baseline model and between the respective samples. a These model indicators represent the fit indices of the total sample. b Model A consisted of five factors: Non-Intervention, Disciplinary Methods, Group Discussion, Mediation, and Victim Support. c Model B consisted of three factors: not intervening (i.e., scale Non-Intervention), supportive/relational interventions (i.e., scales Group Discussion, Mediation, and Victim Support), and authoritarian interventions (i.e., scale Disciplinary Methods). d Model C consisted of three factors: not intervening (i.e., scale Non-Intervention), individual bully and/or victim interventions (i.e., scales Disciplinary Methods, Mediation, and Victim Support), and class group interventions (i.e., scale Group Discussion). e Model D consisted of two factors: not intervening (i.e., scale Non-Intervention) and all actual interventions (i.e., scales Disciplinary Methods, Group Discussion, Mediation, and Victim Support).