Table 1.
Characteristics of Children Aged 3 to 17 Years With Asthma in the ADVANCE Clinical Research Network, 2012-2018
| Racial, Ethnic, and Language Group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All (N = 41,276) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 10,164) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 10,041) | Latine, Prefer English (n = 9,239) | Latine, Prefer Spanish (n = 11,832) |
| Female, No. (%) | 17,709 (42.9) | 4,429 (43.6) | 4,257 (42.4) | 4,011 (43.4) | 5,012 (42.4) |
| Age at first visit, mean (SD), y | 7.6 (3.7) | 8.2 (3.8) | 7.6 (3.7) | 7.6 (3.7) | 6.9 (3.4) |
| BMI category, No. (%)a | |||||
| Never overweight | 16,726 (40.5) | 4,663 (45.9) | 4,565 (45.5) | 3,592 (38.9) | 3,906 (33.0) |
| Sometimes overweight | 10,083 (24.4) | 2,222 (21.9) | 2,233 (22.2) | 2,261 (24.5) | 3,367 (28.5) |
| Always overweight | 14,467 (35.0) | 3,279 (32.3) | 3,243 (32.3) | 3,386 (36.6) | 4,559 (38.5) |
| Payor type, No. (%) | |||||
| Never insured | 1,122 (2.7) | 275 (2.7) | 188 (1.9) | 264 (2.9) | 395 (3.3) |
| Some private | 2,423 (5.9) | 1,140 (11.2) | 409 (4.1) | 618 (6.7) | 256 (2.2) |
| Some private and public | 3,324 (8.1) | 984 (9.7) | 659 (6.6) | 1,003 (10.9) | 678 (5.7) |
| Some public | 34,407 (83.4) | 7,765 (76.4) | 8,785 (87.5) | 7,354 (79.6) | 10,503 (88.8) |
| Federal poverty level, No. (%) | |||||
| Always >138% | 2,916 (7.1) | 1,029 (10.1) | 805 (8.0) | 620 (6.7) | 462 (3.9) |
| Above and below 138% | 5,151 (12.5) | 1,350 (13.3) | 946 (9.4) | 930 (10.1) | 1,925 (16.3) |
| Always ≤138% | 28,103 (68.1) | 5,973 (58.8) | 7,072 (70.4) | 6,437 (69.7) | 8,621 (72.9) |
| Not documented | 5,106 (12.4) | 1,812 (17.8) | 1,218 (12.1) | 1,252 (13.6) | 824 (7.0) |
| Urbanicity, No. (%)b | |||||
| Metropolitan | 35,401 (85.8) | 7,507 (73.9) | 9,619 (95.8) | 7,174 (77.6) | 11,101 (93.8) |
| Micropolitan | 4,493 (10.9) | 1,998 (19.7) | 183 (1.8) | 1,705 (18.5) | 607 (5.1) |
| Rural | 1,382 (3.3) | 659 (6.5) | 239 (2.4) | 360 (3.9) | 124 (1.0) |
| US region, No. (%) | |||||
| Northeast | 4,129 (10.0) | 228 (2.2) | 1,449 (14.4) | 1,163 (12.6) | 1,289 (10.9) |
| South | 17,515 (42.4) | 3,819 (37.6) | 5,293 (52.7) | 3,677 (39.8) | 4,726 (39.9) |
| Midwest | 3,819 (9.3) | 708 (7.0) | 2,457 (24.5) | 356 (3.9) | 298 (2.5) |
| West | 15,813 (38.3) | 5,409 (53.2) | 842 (8.4) | 4,043 (43.8) | 5,519 (46.6) |
| Visits per year, No. (%) | |||||
| ≤1 | 17,900 (43.4) | 5,005 (49.2) | 5,420 (54.0) | 3,914 (42.4) | 3,561 (30.1) |
| 2 or 3 | 8,015 (19.4) | 1,825 (18.0) | 1,933 (19.3) | 1,790 (19.4) | 2,467 (20.9) |
| ≥4 | 15,361 (37.2) | 3,334 (32.8) | 2,688 (26.8) | 3,535 (38.3) | 5,804 (49.1) |
| Maximum asthma severity, No. (%)c | |||||
| Intermittent | 11,348 (27.5) | 2,537 (25.0) | 3,324 (33.1) | 2,169 (23.5) | 3,318 (28.0) |
| Mild persistent | 6,541 (15.8) | 1,193 (11.7) | 1,780 (17.7) | 1,691 (18.3) | 1,877 (15.9) |
| Moderate to severe persistent | 3,583 (8.7) | 787 (7.7) | 1,062 (10.6) | 757 (8.2) | 977 (8.3) |
| Not documented | 19,804 (48.0) | 5,647 (55.6) | 3,875 (38.6) | 4,622 (50.0) | 5,660 (47.8) |
| Influenza vaccination rate, No. (%) | |||||
| <50% annually | 28,851 (69.9) | 8,019 (78.9) | 7,332 (73.0) | 6,743 (73.0) | 6,757 (57.1) |
| 50% to 80% annually | 8,685 (21.0) | 1,542 (15.2) | 1,968 (19.6) | 1,771 (19.2) | 3,404 (28.8) |
| ≥80% annually | 3,740 (9.1) | 603 (5.9) | 741 (7.4) | 725 (7.8) | 1,671 (14.1) |
| Pneumococcal vaccination ever, No. (%) | 26,560 (64.3) | 5,585 (54.9) | 6,705 (66.8) | 5,677 (61.4) | 8,593 (72.6) |
| Smoker, No. (%) | |||||
| Never | 26,905 (65.2) | 6,136 (60.4) | 6,048 (60.2) | 6,010 (65.1) | 8,711 (73.6) |
| Ever | 969 (2.3) | 424 (4.2) | 262 (2.6) | 163 (1.8) | 120 (1.0) |
| Passive only | 3,018 (7.3) | 1,566 (15.4) | 665 (6.6) | 408 (4.4) | 379 (3.2) |
| Not documented | 10,384 (25.2) | 2,038 (20.1) | 3,066 (30.5) | 2,658 (28.8) | 2,622 (22.2) |
| Albuterol prescriptions per year, mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.7) |
| Inhaled corticosteroid prescription ever, No. (%) | 12,267 (29.7) | 2,860 (28.1) | 2,944 (29.3) | 2,411 (26.1) | 4,052 (34.2) |
ADVANCE = Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center; BMI = body mass index; RUCA = rural-urban commuting area; US = United States.
Notes: All children had at least 1 year of observation. Data are representative of 345 clinics spanning 18 US states and 4 regions: Northeast (Massachusetts, Rhode Island), South (Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina), Midwest (Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin), and West (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington).
Overweight if BMI >85th percentile. Category reflects all available measures during study period. Biologically implausible values were flagged as more than 8 SDs above or 4 SDs below mean BMI.
RUCA classification code based on 2010 census tract information and patients’ primary clinic zip code.
Maximum asthma severity diagnosed in an ambulatory visit encounter or documented in the patient problem list.