Table 2.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between the ECMO and non-ECMO groups among ARDS’ patients.
| Variable | ECMO patients n = 740 | Non-ECMO patients n = 9,433 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 57.0 (15.7) | 71.8 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male | 484 (65.4) | 5,805 (61.5) | 0.037 |
| Annual Income level | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 172 (23.2) | 2,698 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
| Q2 | 148 (20.0) | 1,379 (14.6) | |
| Q3 | 169 (22.8) | 1,853 (19.6) | |
| Q4 (Highest) | 240 (32.4) | 3,370 (35.7) | |
| Unknown | 11 (1.5) | 133 (1.4) | |
| Treatment result | < 0.001 | ||
| Discharge, and follow up in same hospital | 263 (35.5) | 2,469 (26.2) | |
| Transfer to other long-term facility center | 18 (2.4) | 609 (6.5) | |
| Discharge, and outpatient clinic follow up | 127 (17.2) | 2,553 (27.1) | |
| Death within hospitalization | 332 (44.9) | 3,802 (40.3) | |
| Admitting department: IM | 506 (68.4) | 7,652 (81.1) | < 0.001 |
| Length of hospitalization, day | 20.6 (15.1) | 15.7 (14.4) | < 0.001 |
| Total cost for hospitalization, USD | 36,416.9 (23,387.3) | 9,637.2 (11,112.2) | < 0.001 |
| Cost per day, USD | 2,369.8 (1,581.1) | 701.3 (692.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital admission | < 0.001 | ||
| Transfer from other hospital | 36 (4.9) | 404 (4.3) | |
| Admission through Emergency Room | 524 (70.8) | 5,755 (61.0) | |
| Admission through outpatient clinic | 180 (24.3) | 3,274 (34.7) | |
| Annual case volume | < 0.001 | ||
| Q1 ≤ 4 | 14 (1.9) | 1,882 (20.0) | |
| Q2: 5–14 | 196 (26.5) | 2,233 (23.7) | |
| Q3: 15–28 | 230 (31.1) | 2,772 (29.4) | |
| Q4 ≥ 29 | 300 (40.5) | 2,546 (27.0) | |
| Main diagnosis of ARDS | 424 (57.3) | 4,703 (49.9) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis associated ARDS | 186 (25.1) | 1,304 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diagnosis of shock during hospitalization | 111 (15.0) | 790 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| CCI at hospital admission for ARDS | 4.2 (2.8) | 4.7 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| NMB use | 645 (87.2) | 3,144 (33.3) | < 0.001 |
| CRRT use | 291 (39.3) | 779 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Experience of CPR during hospitalization | 159 (21.5) | 1,001 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| Year of admission for ARDS | < 0.001 | ||
| 2014 | 84 (11.4) | 1,623 (17.2) | |
| 2015 | 107 (14.5) | 1,501 (15.9) | |
| 2016 | 140 (18.9) | 1,729 (18.3) | |
| 2017 | 117 (15.8) | 1,589 (16.8) | |
| 2018 | 143 (19.3) | 1,570 (16.6) | |
| 2019 | 149 (15.1) | 1,421 (15.1) | |
Presented as mean values (standard deviation) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IM, internal medicine; USD, United States Dollars; NMB, neuromusclar blockade; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy, CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.