TABLE 3.
Effect of benzenedicarboxylic acid (Bd) and calcium nanoparticles (Ca) on water potential, leaf osmotic potential, membrane stability index (MSI), root and shoot Cd uptake, translocation factor (TF) of Cd and metal tolerance index (MTI) of Cd in Brassica alboglabra under Cd stress, temperature stress, and BDE-28 toxicity.
| Treatments | Water potential | Leaf osmotic potential | MSI | Root Cd (μg g–1) | Shoot Cd (μg g–1) | Leaf Cd (μg g–1) | Seed Cd (μg g–1) | TFCd | MTI | RECd (%) |
| Control | 0.69 ± 0.04h | 0.860 ± 0.04h | 0.93 ± 0.03f | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bd | 1.06 ± 0.19d | 1.316 ± 0.03d | 1.42 ± 0.04c | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ca | 0.95 ± 0.03e | 1.187 ± 0.02e | 1.28 ± 0.01d | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BdCa | 1.26 ± 0.1a | 1.565 ± 0.04a | 1.69 ± 0.01a | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cd | 0.56 ± 0.03j | 0.697 ± 0.01j | 0.75 ± 0.01g | 22.21 ± 0.15b | 20.41 ± 0.03b | 19.89 ± 0.15b | 19.35 ± 0.03b | 633.60 ± 5.01b | 7.87 ± 3.5b | 13.09 ± 0.08b |
| DDT | 0.63 ± 0.04hi | 0.791 ± 0.07hi | 0.86 ± 0.04fg | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cd.DDT | 0.37 ± 0.03k | 0.456 ± 0.03k | 0.49 ± 0.02h | 26.41 ± 0.21a | 24.27 ± 0.2a | 23.65 ± 0.21a | 23.01 ± 0.2a | 753.28 ± 8.04a | 5.15 ± 3.1a | 8.085 ± 0.51a |
| Bd.Cd | 0.92 ± 0.03ef | 1.152 ± 0.04ef | 1.25 ± 0.03de | 11.97 ± 0.1cd | 11.00 ± 0.1cd | 10.72 ± 0.1cd | 10.43 ± 0.1cd | 341.44 ± 0.01cd | 13.01 ± 6.9cd | 67.76 ± 1.24cd |
| Bd.DDT | 1.00 ± 0.03de | 1.247 ± 0.03de | 1.35 ± 0.02cd | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bd.Cd.DDT | 0.87 ± 0.04f | 1.084 ± 0.03f | 1.17 ± 0.01e | 10.24 ± 0.48de | 9.41 ± 0.01d | 9.17 ± 0.48de | 8.92 ± 0.01de | 292.16 ± 0.03d | 12.23 ± 5.8de | 49.28 ± 1.33d |
| Ca. Cd | 0.82 ± 0.02fg | 1.023 ± 0.01fg | 1.11 ± 0.02e | 10.98 ± 0.38d | 10.09 ± 0.02cd | 9.83 ± 0.38d | 9.57 ± 0.02d | 313.28 ± 0.01cd | 11.55 ± 3.7d | 55.055 ± 2.02cd |
| Ca.DDT | 0.90 ± 0.04ef | 1.118 ± 0.02ef | 1.21 ± 0.01de | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ca.Cd.DDT | 0.77 ± 0.04g | 0.955 ± 0.02g | 1.03 ± 0.01a | 8.51 ± 0.19f | 7.82 ± 0.01e | 7.62 ± 0.19f | 7.42 ± 0.21f | 242.88 ± 0.01e | 10.78 ± 6.1f | 36.575 ± 1.14e |
| BdCa.Cd | 1.12 ± 0.03c | 1.402 ± 0.02c | 1.52 ± 0.01b | 12.22 ± 0.38c | 11.23 ± 0.21c | 10.94 ± 0.38c | 10.64 ± 0.03c | 348.48 ± 0.03c | 15.83 ± 2.96c | 90.09 ± 2.35c |
| BdCa DDT | 1.20 ± 0.03ab | 1.496 ± 0.01ab | 1.62 ± 0.02ab | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BdCa.Cd.DDT | 1.07 ± 0.03cd | 1.333 ± 0.03cd | 1.44 ± 0.02bc | 11.72 ± 0.4cd | 10.77 ± 0.03cd | 10.50 ± 0.4cd | 10.21 ± 0.01cd | 334.40 ± 0.03cd | 15.05 ± 6.3cd | 71.61 ± 3.14cd |
Values demonstrate means ± SD (n = 5). Different letters indicate significant difference among the treatments (P ≤ 0.05). C, control; Cd, Cadmium; Ca, Calcium.