. 2022 Mar 9;9:820224. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820224

Table 5.

Influence of type of early feeding on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) concentration in infants at 6, 12, and 18 months of life¹.

FAs concentrations (%)	SF	EF	BF	P ²
6 months	(n = 33)	(n = 37)	(n = 32)
ARA	1.75 ± 0.56^a	2.16 ± 0.63^b	2.80 ± 0.59^c	<0.001
AdA	0.22 ± 0.08^a	0.21 ± 0.08^a	0.29 ± 0.08^b	<0.001
EPA	0.10 ± 0.05^a	0.13 ± 0.06^b	0.12 ± 0.05^a,b	0.027
DHA	0.35 ± 0.19^a	0.83 ± 0.31^b	1.10 ± 0.33^c	<0.001
ARA/DHA	5.52 ± 1.52^a	2.79 ± 0.73^b	2.72 ± 0.78^b	<0.001
12 months	(n = 34)	(n = 37)	(n = 32)
ARA	2.08 ± 0.56	2.13 ± 0.56	2.36 ± 0.59	0.101
AdA	0.24 ± 0.05^a,b	0.21 ± 0.05^a	0.27 ± 0.07^b	0.002
EPA	0.12 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.05	0.144
DHA	0.48 ± 0.18^a	0.77 ± 0.25^b	0.87 ± 0.30^b	<0.001
ARA/DHA	4.59 ± 1.29^a	2.90 ± 0.60^b	2.86 ± 0.72^b	<0.001
18 months	(n = 33)	(n = 34)	(n = 19)
ARA	2.21 ± 0.55^a	2.33 ± 0.56^a	1.79 ± 0.46^b	0.002
AdA	0.28 ± 0.07^a	0.27 ± 0.06^a	0.21 ± 0.05^b	<0.001
EPA	0.13 ± 0.06	0.16 ± 0.07	0.15 ± 0.10	0.172
DHA	0.59 ± 0.20^a	0.84 ± 0.29^b	0.75 ± 0.33^a,b	0.001
ARA/DHA	4.05 ± 1.18^a	2.96 ± 0.82^b	2.70 ± 0.95^b	<0.001

Data are means ± SD for parametrically distributed data.

P-values for overall differences between COGNIS-groups in the ANOVA test (normally distributed variables). Values not sharing the same suffix (a,b,c) were significantly different in the Bonferroni post-hoc test. P < 0.05 are highlighted in bold. SF, Standard infant formula; EF, Experimental infant formula; BF, Breastfed infants; FAs, Fatty acids; ARA, Arachidonic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; AdA, Adrenic acid; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; ARA/DHA, Arachidonic acid/Docosahexaenoic acid ratio.