Table 7.

Long-Term influence of early dietary intake on brain structure in children aged 6 years^a.

	Brain regions
	Volume (cm 3 )				Cortical Thickness (mm)
Macronutrients	Right parietal	Left orbital	Right post-central gyrus	Right precuneus	Left circular Insular sulcus	Right post-central sulcus
6 months
Lipids (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.237	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.006
ARA (g/day)	β = 0.182	β = −0.222	N/S	β = 0.210	N/S	N/S
	P = 0.018	P = 0.015		P = 0.032
DPA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.297	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.001
DHA (g/day)	β = 0.162	β = −0.273	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
	P = 0.040	P = 0.003
Iron (mg/day)	N/S	β = 0.249	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.007
12 months
Lipids (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.294	β = 0.281	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.001	P = 0.009
LA (g/day)	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	β = 0.242	N/S
					P = 0.029
LNA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.322	β = 0.264	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P <0.001	P = 0.014
ARA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.264	β = 0.257	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.005	P = 0.019
EPA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.303	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.002
DPA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.300	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.001
DHA (g/day)	N/S	β = −0.242	β = 0.272	β = 0.237	N/S	N/S
		P = 0.012	P = 0.015	P = 0.018
n−6-PUFAs (g/day)	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	β = 0.236	N/S
					P = 0.033
n−3-PUFAs (g/day)	N/S	N/S	β = 0.230	N/S	N/S	N/S
			P = 0.033
Calcium (mg/day)	N/S	N/S	β = 0.236	N/S	N/S	N/S
			P = 0.028
18 months
Protein (g/day)	N/S	N/S	β = 0.275	N/S	N/S	β = 0.330
			P = 0.013			P = 0.011
EPA (g/day)	N/S	N/S	N/S	β = 0.218	N/S	N/S
				P = 0.027
DHA (g/day)	N/S	N/S	N/S	β = 0.208	N/S	N/S
				P = 0.036
Zinc (mg/day)	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	β = 0.267
						P = 0.040

^aP-values for linear regression analysis. P-values <0.05 are highlighted in bold.

CHO, Carbohydrates; LA, Linoleic acid; LNA, α-Linolenic acid; ARA, Arachidonic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids; n−6, Omega-6; n−3, Omega-3; β, Beta coefficient; N/S, Not significance.