Table 3.
The DALYs of infective endocarditis in 1990/2019 and temporal trends.
| Characteristics | 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DALYs No × 103 (95% CI) | Age standardized DALYs/105 No. (95% CI) | DALYs No × 103 (95% CI) | Age standardized DALYs/105 No. (95% CI) | EAPC No. (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 1,118.12 (836.79~1,318.66) | 22.78 (17.98~26.97) | 1,723.59 (1,355.67~1,935.25) | 21.93 (17.17~24.6) | −0.21 (−0.35~-0.08) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 617.35 (463.03~749.04) | 25.41 (20.09~31.37) | 972.61 (735.86~1,123.53) | 25.46 (19.06~29.12) | −0.05 (−0.18~0.07) |
| Female | 500.77 (319.04~627.69) | 20 (13.53~25.53) | 750.98 (536.88~870.75) | 18.33 (13.23~21.33) | −0.41 (−0.56~−0.25) |
| Socio-demographic factor | |||||
| High SDI | 157.8 (131.72~234.56) | 16.27 (13.51~24) | 386.32 (212.21~461.4) | 22.33 (12.61~26.23) | 1.32 (0.95~1.7) |
| High-middle SDI | 213.6 (170.09~253.17) | 19.46 (15.45~23.03) | 325.01 (238.95~365.72) | 18.38 (13.65~20.7) | −0.42 (−0.62~−0.23) |
| Middle SDI | 379.69 (280.63~449.48) | 24.34 (19.13~28.65) | 454.53 (390.82~582.66) | 18.55 (15.94~23.45) | −1.2 (−1.34~−1.07) |
| Low-middle SDI | 212.42 (138.86~271.28) | 21.77 (16.16~25.98) | 325.38 (262.88~395.76) | 20.48 (16.51~24.91) | −0.32 (−0.39~−0.25) |
| Low SDI | 153.84 (79.37~223.34) | 31.18 (19.43~43.54) | 230.95 (173.53~299.55) | 25.3 (18.62~32.83) | −0.82 (−0.92~−0.72) |
| Region | |||||
| East Asia | 225.16 (123.24~291.15) | 0.48 (0.31~0.58) | 127.6 (100.95~153.97) | 0.29 (0.21~0.34) | −4.4 (−4.91~−3.88) |
| Southeast Asia | 151.03 (122.05~217.56) | 1.22 (0.97~1.69) | 255.83 (208.03~359.59) | 1.29 (1.04~1.76) | −0.26 (−0.46~−0.06) |
| Oceania | 1.55 (1.03~2.38) | 1.25 (0.78~2.25) | 4.61 (3.1~6.41) | 1.64 (1.13~2.26) | 1.26 (1.13~1.4) |
| Central Asia | 3.77 (3.06~4.52) | 0.21 (0.16~0.27) | 8.27 (6.95~11.3) | 0.33 (0.28~0.44) | 1.35 (1.05~1.65) |
| Central Europe | 14.36 (12.75~20.56) | 0.34 (0.3~0.5) | 23.26 (13.6~29.04) | 0.48 (0.28~0.59) | 1.16 (0.94~1.38) |
| Eastern Europe | 35.68 (27.36~65.37) | 0.39 (0.3~0.7) | 79.48 (53.86~97.14) | 0.78 (0.56~0.95) | 2.81 (2.35~3.27) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 33.18 (22.99~38.31) | 0.79 (0.53~0.92) | 56.07 (30.42~69.53) | 0.75 (0.36~0.97) | −1.72 (−1.99~−1.44) |
| Australasia | 2.93 (2.53~4.18) | 0.54 (0.46~0.79) | 7.44 (3.85~9.11) | 0.82 (0.39~1.04) | 1.05 (0.8~1.3) |
| Western Europe | 77.71 (61.59~135.36) | 0.72 (0.56~1.3) | 193.13 (100.18~232.92) | 1.28 (0.63~1.57) | 1.91 (1.51~2.32) |
| Southern Latin America | 14.77 (11.08~19.2) | 1.38 (0.94~1.77) | 31.78 (25.79~39.14) | 1.84 (1.42~2.16) | 0.58 (0.34~0.83) |
| High-income North America | 49.8 (40.43~82.72) | 0.61 (0.46~1.08) | 159.45 (85.9~187.88) | 1.36 (0.68~1.65) | 2.66 (2.01~3.32) |
| Caribbean | 9.71 (7.34~14.09) | 0.75 (0.65~0.97) | 15.38 (11.98~19.67) | 0.88 (0.71~1.08) | 0.54 (0.47~0.61) |
| Andean Latin America | 11.56 (7.57~15.8) | 0.8 (0.59~0.94) | 11.27 (8.61~14.62) | 0.59 (0.44~0.76) | −1.8 (−1.88~−1.72) |
| Central Latin America | 20.35 (17.53~27.1) | 0.4 (0.35~0.58) | 42.52 (29.45~52.97) | 0.54 (0.38~0.67) | 0.9 (0.68~1.12) |
| Tropical Latin America | 43.84 (35.45~65.78) | 0.82 (0.7~1.35) | 79.11 (61.28~94.86) | 1.06 (0.74~1.19) | 0.29 (0.08~0.5) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 82.57 (45.09~114.67) | 0.83 (0.64~0.99) | 91.25 (65.94~111.62) | 0.65 (0.51~0.79) | −1.43 (−1.49~−1.36) |
| South Asia | 150.64 (111.05~200.69) | 0.64 (0.51~0.79) | 287.1 (225.89~360.89) | 0.64 (0.51~0.8) | −0.15 (−0.21~−0.09) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 14.47 (7.6~22.28) | 1.17 (0.58~2.03) | 23.75 (14.08~36.48) | 1.02 (0.56~1.68) | −0.83 (−0.89~−0.77) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 54.04 (28.51~79.44) | 1.14 (0.55~2.05) | 77.69 (48.46~117.8) | 0.91 (0.5~1.49) | −1.2 (−1.3~−1.1) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 17.38 (11.47~20.9) | 1.01 (0.7~1.2) | 18.77 (15.33~23.82) | 0.79 (0.65~1) | −1.69 (−2.15~−1.23) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 103.62 (44.84~152.58) | 1.2 (0.73~1.76) | 129.82 (95.04~177.18) | 0.78 (0.61~1.02) | −1.89 (−2.12~−1.66) |
DALY, disability-adjusted life-years; SDI, social-demographic index; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.