Table 1.
The characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Type | Setting | Sample size | Technical success | Clinical success | Mean procedure time, min | Mean stent patency, d | Early adverse events | Late adverse events | Median survival time, days | Jadad or NOS assessment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Park et al. (11) | P | S | CDS | 26 | 24 | 22 | 16.3 ± 8.8 | 152 | 5 | 4 | NR | NOS = 7 |
| HGS | 31 | 31 | 27 | 18.5 ± 9.6 | 132 | 6 | 0 | NR | ||||
| Kawakubo et al. (12) | R | M | CDS | 44 | 42 | 41 | NR | 103 | 6 | 9 | 179 (99–227) | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 20 | 19 | 19 | NR | 62 | 6 | 6 | 102 (61–262) | ||||
| Song et al. (13) | P | S | CDS | 17 | 17 | 16 | 22 (14–35) | 111 (33–560) | 2 | 1 | NR | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 10 | 10 | 10 | 22.5 (15–35) | 181 (36–431) | 3 | 1 | NR | ||||
| Artifon et al. (14) | RCT | S | CDS | 24 | 22 | 17 | 48.8 | NR | 3 | NR | 83.59 ± 3.45 | Jadad = 5 |
| HGS | 25 | 24 | 22 | 47.8 | NR | 5 | NR | 75.08 ± 5.29 | ||||
| Park et al. (15) | P | M | CDS | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 (9–15) | 122 ± 12 | 1 | 3 | NR | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 20 | 20 | 18 | 13 (10–21) | 121 ± 11.2 | 5 | 0 | NR | ||||
| Poincloux et al. (16) | R | S | CDS | 26 | 26 | 24 | NR | NR | 2 | 3 | NR | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 66 | 65 | 61 | NR | NR | 10 | 6 | NR | ||||
| Guo et al. (17) | R | S | CDS | 14 | 14 | 14 | NR | NR | 1 | NR | NR | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 7 | 7 | 7 | NR | NR | 2 | NR | NR | ||||
| Khashab et al. (18) | R | M | CDS | 60 | 56 | 48 | 51 ± 34.9 | NR | 8 | 8 | 252 (131–369) | NOS = 7 |
| HGS | 61 | 56 | 46 | 45.3 ± 34.6 | NR | 12 | 16 | 142 (82–256) | ||||
| Ogura et al. (6) | R | S | CDS | 13 | 13 | 13 | NR | 43 | 0 | 6 | 98 | NOS = 6 |
| HGS | 26 | 26 | 24 | NR | 133 | 0 | 2 | 133 | ||||
| Amano et al. (19) | P | S | CDS | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 (8–16) | NR | 2 | 0 | NR | NOS = 7 |
| HGS | 9 | 9 | 9 | 14 (11–18) | NR | 1 | 0 | NR | ||||
| Cho et al. (20) | P | S | CDS | 33 | 33 | 33 | 20 (5–45) | 329.1 (231.8–426.4) | 5 | 5 | 165 (72.2–257.7) | NOS = 7 |
| HGS | 21 | 21 | 18 | 18 (11–45) | 166.3 (94.7–237.9) | 4 | 10 | 173 (76.8–269.1) | ||||
| Minaga et al. (21) | RCT | M | CDS | 23 | 19 | 18 | 25.2 ± 10.8 | NR | 2 | 2 | 120 (43–408) | Jadad = 6 |
| HGS | 24 | 21 | 21 | 37.7 ± 14.0 | 306 | 2 | 4 | 146 (21–400) | ||||
P, prospective; R, retrospective; RCT, randomized controlled trial; S, single-center; M, multicenter; CDS, choledochoduodenostomy; HGS, hepaticogastrostomy; NR, not reported; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa scale.