Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants according to the SUA quartiles at baseline.
| Characteristics | SUA quartiles | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 105) | Q2 (n = 110) | Q3 (n = 104) | Q4 (n = 106) | ||
| Age (years) | 85.8 ± 4.1 | 86.7 ± 3.7 | 86.6 ± 4.0 | 87.5 ± 3.7 | 0.017∗ |
| Female (n, %) | 72 (68.6) | 52 (47.3) | 45 (43.3) | 32 (30.2) | <0.001∗ |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.3 ± 12.3 | 130.1 ± 11.9 | 134.9 ± 13.7 | 133.6 ± 14.6 | 0.053 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.0 ± 8.3 | 66.3 ± 7.8 | 68.2 ± 7.9 | 68.4 ± 8.4 | 0.061 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 25.0 ± 2.9 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | <0.001∗ |
| TC (mg/dl) | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 0.018∗ |
| TGs (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | <0.001∗ |
| HDL-C(mmol/l) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001∗ |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.349 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 0.578 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.2 ± 1 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 0.843 |
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 127.1 ± 13.9 | 126.2 ± 14.2 | 126.9 ± 14.0 | 126.7 ± 15.9 | 0.972 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 40 ± 4.1 | 39.4 ± 3.9 | 40.2 ± 3.8 | 39.8 ± 4.2 | 0.546 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 1.4 (0.7,3.1) | 1.4 (0.8,3.0) | 2.0 (0.9,3.2) | 1.8 (1.0,2.9) | 0.14 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l) | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 2.5 | <0.001∗ |
| Serum creatinine (umol/l) | 84.2 ± 17.2 | 93.3 ± 21.2 | 98.3 ± 19.8 | 109.5 ± 20.6 | <0.001∗ |
| Albuminuria (n, %) | 3 (2.86) | 6 (5.45) | 9 (8.65) | 8 (7.55) | 0.312 |
| Baseline SUA (mg/dl) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | <0.001∗ |
| Follow-up SUA (mg/dl) | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 1.9 | <0.001∗ |
| Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 61.5 ± 11.6 | 57.9 ± 12.2 | 54.8 ± 11.2 | 49.7 ± 11.2 | <0.001∗ |
| Follow-up eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 55.7 ± 11.9 | 53.2 ± 11.9 | 50.8 ± 12.0 | 47.2 ± 13.6 | <0.001∗ |
| CKD (n, %) | 44 (41.90) | 60 (54.55) | 71 (68.27) | 82 (77.36) | <0.001∗ |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 84 (80) | 86 (78.2) | 83 (79.8) | 89 (84.0) | 0.745 |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease (n, %) | 63 (60) | 66 (60) | 62 (59.6) | 65 (61.3) | 0.995 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 33 (31.4) | 43 (39.1) | 34 (32.7) | 44 (41.5) | 0.351 |
| Alcohol intake (n, %) | 7 (6.7) | 3 (2.7) | 5 (4.8) | 7 (6.6) | 0.515 |
| Current smoke (n, %) | 3 (2.86) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (3.85) | 2 (1.89) | 0.153 |
| ACEI/ARB usage (n, %) | 40 (38.1) | 31 (28.2) | 43 (41.3) | 55 (51.9) | 0.005∗ |
Note. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum uric acid (SUA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), chronic kidney disease (CKD), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB).