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GRADE certainty of evidence table.
| Certainty assessment | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No. of participants (studies) | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall certainty of evidence |
| 102 (3) | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Serious | Publication bias strongly suspected | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
