Table 2.
Serotonin transporter occupancy at different antidepressant doses.
| Dose in mg | N | RoI (number of occupancy measures) | Occupancy (mean ± SD) | Duration of drug-intake (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citalopram | ||||
| 1 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 16 ± 6% | 28 |
| 2.5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 42 ± 1% | 28 |
| 5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 67 ± 18% | 28 |
| 10 (17, 18, 37) | 21 | overall | 61–76 ± 9% | |
| str (3) | 76 ± 9% | 28 | ||
| mid (22) | 61–65 ± 10% | 7, 1 | ||
| 20 (17–19, 31, 36, 38) | 39 | overall | 64 ± 13–91 ± 5 | |
| str (17) | 74 ± 5–77 ± 10 | 1, 28 | ||
| mid (23) | 64 ± 13–86 ± 4 | 10, 25 | ||
| ACC (17) | 75 ± 16–80 ± 21 | 1, 25 | ||
| FC (8) | 75 ± 14 | 1 | ||
| TC (8) | 66 ± 19 | 1 | ||
| ins (17) | 71 ± 12–73 ± 9 | 25, 1 | ||
| hip (8) | 78 ± 17 | 1 | ||
| put (17) | 68 ± 5–76 ± 4 | 1, 25 | ||
| rap (8) | 76 ± 9 | 1 | ||
| amy (9) | 91 ± 5 | 25 | ||
| cau (9) | 80 ± 5 | 25 | ||
| tha (13) | 74 ± 7–77 ± 6 | 56–70, 25 | ||
| accu (9) | 84 ± 4 | 25 | ||
| 30 (38)† | 1 | overall | 67–70 | |
| str (1) | 67 | 56–70 | ||
| tha (1) | 70 | 56–70 | ||
| 40 (17, 34, 38)a | 6 | overall | 80 ± 5–85 ± 4 | |
| str (8) | 73 ± 6–85 ± 4 | 56–70, 28 | ||
| mid (3) | 80 ± 5 | 1 | ||
| tha (5) | 80 ± 7–80 ± 5 | 56–70, 1 | ||
| 60 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 87 ± 6 | 28 |
| Escitalopram | ||||
| 5 (18, 35)a | 9 | overall | 50 ± 1–67 ± 7 | |
| mid (5) | 60 ± 6 | 1 | ||
| put (4) | 51 ± 1 | 1 | ||
| DRN (4) | 56 ± 2 | 1 | ||
| cau (4) | 67 ± 7 | 1 | ||
| tha (4) | 50 ± 1 | 1 | ||
| 10 (18, 19, 30, 31, 35, 36) | 37 | overall | 59 ± 5–88 ± 9 | |
| mid (20) | 64 ± 6–81 ± 5 | 1, 10 | ||
| ACC (18) | 65 ± 11–75 ± 8 | 1, 25 | ||
| FT (8) | 67 ± 12 | 1 | ||
| TC (8) | 63 ± 23 | 1 | ||
| ins (18) | 59 ± 15–69 ± 9 | 1, 25 | ||
| hip (8) | 59 ± 23 | 1 | ||
| put (22) | 59 ± 5–72 ± 4 | 1, 25 | ||
| rap (8) | 69 ± 13 | 1 | ||
| amy (10) | 88 ± 9 | 25 | ||
| cau (14) | 69 ± 5–78 ± 4 | 1, 25 | ||
| tha (18) | 60 ± 3–75 ± 4 | 1, 25 | ||
| str (10) | 73 ± 4 | 25 | ||
| accu (10) | 81 ± 4 | 25 | ||
| DRN (4) | 74 ± 8 | 25 | ||
| 20 (18, 30, 35)a | 10 | Overall | 65–81 | |
| mid (5) | 75 ± 5 | 1 | ||
| put (1) | 65 | 1 | ||
| DRN (1) | 81 | 1 | ||
| cau (1) | 77 | 1 | ||
| tha (5) | 72–78 ± 3 | 1, 1 | ||
| 30 (35)a | 3 | overall | 62 ± 3–79 ± 6 | |
| put (3) | 62 ± 3 | 1 | ||
| DRN (3) | 79 ± 6 | 1 | ||
| cau (3) | 71 ± 11 | 1 | ||
| tha (3) | 64 ± 7 | 1 | ||
| Sertraline | ||||
| 10 (17) | 3 | str (3) | 49 ± 13 | 28 |
| 25 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 72 ± 4 | 28 |
| 50 (17, 30) | 7 | overall | 74 ± 6–85 ± 7 | 1, 28 |
| str (3) | 85 ± 7 | 28 | ||
| tha (4) | 74 ± 6 | 1 | ||
| 100 (17) | 4 | str (4) | 86 ± 3 | 28 |
| 150 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 87 | 28 |
| 200 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 84 | 28 |
| Paroxetine | ||||
| 5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 52 ± 16 | 28 |
| 10 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 60 | 28 |
| 20 (17, 30, 32) | 21 | overall | 45 ± 21–93 ± 8 | |
| str (17) | 61 ± 11–82 ± 10 | 39, 28 | ||
| BT (7) | 75 ± 16 | 28 | ||
| ACC (7) | 76 ± 15 | 28 | ||
| PFC (7) | 80 ± 18 | 28 | ||
| tha (13) | 45 ± 21–63 ± 10 | 1, 39 | ||
| mid (16) | 66 ± 10–93 ± 8 | 39, 28 | ||
| BC (7) | 67 ± 29 | 28 | ||
| 40 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 90 ± 2 | 28 |
| 60 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 91 | 28 |
| Fluoxetine | ||||
| 1 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 30 ± 6 | 28 |
| 2.5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 41 ± 13 | 28 |
| 4 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 67 | 28 |
| 5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 65 ± 6 | 28 |
| 10 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 73 ± 1 | 28 |
| 20 (17) | 4 | overall | 69 ± 9–85 ± 9 | 28 |
| str (4) | 76 ± 8 | 28 | ||
| BT (4) | 69 ± 9 | 28 | ||
| ACC (4) | 80 ± 14 | 28 | ||
| PFC (4) | 85 ± 9 | 28 | ||
| mid (4) | 82 ± 9 | 28 | ||
| BC (4) | 81 ± 6 | 28 | ||
| 40 (17) | 4 | str (4) | 83 ± 9 | 28 |
| 60 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 82 | 28 |
| Fluvoxamine | ||||
| 50 (39) | 6 | overall | 71 ± 2–76 ± 3 | |
| FC (6) | 75 ± 9 | 28 | ||
| tha (6) | 72 ± 4 | 28 | ||
| str (6) | 71 ± 2 | 28 | ||
| hip (6) | 76 ± 3 | 28 | ||
| amy (6) | 72 ± 13 | 28 | ||
| Venlafaxine | ||||
| 2.4 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 25 ± 13 | 28 |
| 5 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 40 ± 1 | 28 |
| 10 (17) | 1 | str (1) | 63 | 28 |
| 18.75 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 66 ± 3 | 28 |
| 37.5 (17) | 3 | str (3) | 76 ± 10 | 28 |
| 75 (17) | 4 | overall | 71 ± 10–92 ± 5 | 28 |
| str (4) | 84 ± 2 | 28 | ||
| BT (4) | 71 ± 10 | 28 | ||
| ACC (4) | 85 ± 13 | 28 | ||
| PFC (4) | 91 ± 11 | 28 | ||
| mid (4) | 91 ± 8 | 28 | ||
| BC (4) | 92 ± 5 | 28 | ||
| 150 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 90 ± 1 | 28 |
| 225 (17) | 2 | str (2) | 87 ± 4 | 28 |
| Duloxetine | ||||
| 5 (40) | 3 | tha (3) | 44 ± 9 | 1 |
| 20 (28, 40) | 13 | overall | 71 ± 5–85 ± 4 | |
| tha (13) | 71 ± 5–74 ± 7 | 1, 4 | ||
| mid (10) | 85 ± 4 | 4 | ||
| str (10) | 75 ± 8 | 4 | ||
| 40 (40) | 3 | tha (3) | 81 ± 5 | 1 |
| 60 (40) | 3 | tha (3) | 85 ± 3 | 7 |
| Vortioxetine | ||||
| 2.5 (41, 42) | 16 | RN (16) | 35 ± 10–49 ± 12 | 9, 13 |
| 5 (41) | 11 | RN (11) | 51 ± 10 | 13 |
| 10 (42) | 4 | RN (4) | 63 ± 23 | 9 |
| 20 (41) | 12 | RN (12) | 90 ± 6 | 13 |
| 60 (42) | 3 | RN (3) | 93 ± 9 | 9 |
| Desvenlafaxine | ||||
| 25 (33) | 4 | overall | 55 ± 5–71 ± 13 | |
| mid (4) | 68 ± 8 | 3 | ||
| tha (4) | 55 ± 5 | 3 | ||
| amy (4) | 71 ± 13 | 3 | ||
| str (4) | 60 ± 7 | 3 | ||
| 50 (33) | 4 | overall | 70 ± 8–90 ± 9 | |
| mid (4) | 85 ± 7 | 3 | ||
| tha (4) | 70 ± 8 | 3 | ||
| amy (4) | 90 ± 9 | 3 | ||
| str (4) | 77 ± 7 | 3 | ||
| 100 (33) | 3 | overall | 78 ± 2–96 ± 5 | |
| mid (3) | 87 ± 6 | 3 | ||
| tha (3) | 78 ± 2 | 3 | ||
| amy (3) | 96 ± 5 | 3 | ||
| str (3) | 87 ± 1 | 3 | ||
| 150 (33) | 4 | overall | 90 ± 3–97 ± 4 | |
| mid (4) | 94 ± 6 | 3 | ||
| tha (4) | 91 ± 10 | 3 | ||
| amy (4) | 97 ± 4 | 3 | ||
| str (4) | 90 ± 3 | 3 | ||
Where a dose was only investigated in one study, the mean (SD) occupancy of that individual study is presented; where a dose was investigated in multiple studies, the range of means (SD) from those studies is presented. Duration of drug-intake for the individual studies is presented in the same order as the occupancy range.
N number of participants, RoI brain region of interest (number of occupancy measures in the different regions), SD standard deviation, str striatum, mid midbrain, ACC anterior cingulate cortex, FC frontal cortex, TC temporal cortex, ins insula, hip hippocampus, put putamen, rap raphe nuclei, amy amygdala, cau caudate, tha thalamus, accu accumbens, DRN dorsal raphe nucleus, BC bilateral cuneus.
aFull occupancy data is unique to this review.