Tabel 2.
Model-based means for continuous outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.
| Outcomea | Type of surgery | Baseline | 1 year | 2 years | 5 years | 7 years | Linear mixed model with interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | |||||||
| Weight (kg)/n | RYGB | 124.4 (122.5, 126.3) / 167 | 83.1 (81.2, 85.1) / 153 | 83.0 (81.0, 85.0) / 139 | 89.3 (87.2, 91.4) / 119 | 89.8 (87.7, 92.0) / 103 | <0.001b |
| SG | 124.5 (123.2, 125.7) / 376 | 84.6 (83.3, 85.9) / 351 | 87.5 (86.0, 88.9) / 221 | 92.6 (91.2, 94.0) / 264 | 95.0 (93.0, 95.6) / 232 | 0.938c | |
| Difference | 0.1 (−2.2, 2.4) | 1.34 (−1.0, 3.7) | 4.2 (1.7, 6.7) | 3.1 (0.6, 5.69) | 4.3 (1.7, 6.9) | <0.001d | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)/n | RYGB | 43.0 (42.5, 43.5) / 167 | 28.8 (28.2, 29.3) / 151 | 28.7 (28.1, 29.2) / 139 | 30.8 (30.2, 31.4) / 119 | 31.0 (30.4, 31.6) / 103 | <0.001b |
| SG | 42.9 (42.5, 43.2) / 376 | 29.2 (28.8, 29.5) / 350 | 30.2 (29.7, 30.6) / 221 | 31.9 (31.5, 32.4) / 264 | 32.7 (32.3, 33.1) / 232 | 0.721c | |
| Difference | −0.1 (−0.7, 0.5) | 0.4 (−0.2, 1.1) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.4, 1.9) | 1.7 (0.9, 2.5) | <0.001d | |
| % Excess body mass index loss/n | RYGB | 81.2 (77.7, 84.7) / 153 | 83.0 (79.4, 86.6) / 139 | 69.9 (66.2, 73.7) / 119 | 68.0 (64.2, 71.9) / 103 | <0.001b | |
| SG | 78.3 (76.0, 80.6) / 351 | 72.8 (70.2, 75.4) / 221 | 62.2 (59.7, 64.7) / 264 | 57.9 (55.4, 60.6) / 232 | 0.181c | ||
| Difference | −2.9 (−7.1, 1.3) | −10.2 (−14.7, −5.7) | −7.7 (−11.2, −3.2) | −10.1 (−14.8, −5.4) | <0.001d | ||
| % Total weight loss/n | RYGB | 32.8 (31.4, 34.2) / 154 | 33.1 (31.7, 34.5) / 139 | 27.9 (26.4, 29.4) / 119 | 27.3 (25.8, 28.8) / 103 | <0.001b | |
| SG | 31.6 (30.7, 32.6) /351 | 29.4 (28.4, 30.5) / 221 | 25.2 (24.2, 26.2) / 257 | 23.4 (22.4, 24.5) / 232 | 0.178c | ||
| Difference | −1.1 (−2.8, 0.5) | −3.7 (−5.4, −1.9) | −2.7 (−4.5, −0.9) | −3.9 (−5.7, −2.0) | 0.001d | ||
| Physcial composite score/n | RYGB | 37.5 (35.9, 39.0) / 146 | 50.4 (48.5, 52.4) / 89 | 50.1 (48.2, 52.1) / 82 | 47.2 (45.1, 49.3) / 71 | 45.3 (43.5, 47.2) / 100 | <0.001b |
| SG | 36.7 (35.6, 37.7) / 317 | 52.0 (50.9, 53.2) / 254 | 49.3 (47.9, 50.8) / 143 | 46.2 (44.5, 47.9) / 102 | 43.9 (42.7, 45.1) / 230 | 0.419c | |
| Difference | −0.8 (−2.7, 1.1) | 1.6 (−0.6, 3.9) | −0.8 (−3.3, 1.7) | −1.0 (−3.7, 1.7) | −1.5 (−3.7, 0.7) | 0.171d | |
| Mental composite score/n | RYGB | 43.1 (41.3, 44.8) / 146 | 50.1 (48.0, 52.2) / 89 | 49.2 (47.0, 51.4) / 82 | 47.2 (44.9, 49.5) / 71 | 45.8 (43.8, 47.8) / 101 | <0.001b |
| SG | 41. (40.0, 42.3) / 317 | 51.2 (50.0, 52.5) / 254 | 48.9 (47.3, 50.2) / 143 | 46.9 (45.0, 48.8) / 102 | 45.9 (44.6, 47.2) / 230 | 0.075c | |
| Difference | −2.0 (−4.0, 0.1) | 1.0 (−1.5, 3.5) | −0.5 (−3.2, 2.3) | −0.4 (−3.4, 2.6) | −0.2 (−2.5, 2.2) | 0.241d | |
| Impact of Weight on Quality of Life−Lite total score/n | RYGB | 50.8 (47.7, 53.8) / 117 | 87.8 (83.9, 91.6) / 67 | 88.0 (84.1, 91.8) / 64 | 86.6 (82.7, 90.6) / 62 | 82.3 (79.0, 85.6) / 98 | <0.001b |
| SG | 49.2 (47.3, 51.2) / 278 | 87.2 (84.9, 89.4) / 211 | 86.1 (83.3, 88.8) / 125 | 84.8 (81.7, 87.9) / 95 | 79.3 (77.1, 81.5) / 215 | 0.409c | |
| Difference | −1.5 (−5.2, 2.1) | −0.6 (−5.0, 3.8) | −1.9 (−6.6, 2.9) | −1.8 (−6.8, 3.2) | −3.0 (−6.9, 0.9) | 0.918d | |
| Cantril’s ladder/n | RYGB | 5.1 (4.7, 5.4) / 117 | 7.0 (6.7, 7.4) / 82 | 7.1 (6.7, 7.5) / 80 | 6.7 (6.3, 7.1) / 71 | 6.7 (6.4, 7.1) / 101 | <0.001b |
| SG | 5.1 (4.4, 5.8) / 23 | 6.5 (5.7, 7.3) / 16 | 6.4 (5.4, 7.4) / 9 | 6.67(5.8, 7.6) / 14 | 6.7 (6.5, 7.0) / 220 | 0.992c | |
| Difference | 0.0 (−0.8, 0.8) | −0.5 (−1.4, 0.4) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.4) | −0.0 (−1.0, 0.9) | −0.0 (−0.5, 0.4) | 0.605d | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)/n | RYGB | 4.63 (4.47, 4.80) / 126 | 4.33 (4.17, 4.49) / 146 | 4.38 (4.21, 4.54) / 127 | 4.59 (4.42, 4.77) / 104 | 5.00 (4.60, 5.40) / 14 | <0.001b |
| SG | 4.95 (4.85, 5.06) / 326 | 5.18 (5.07, 5.29) / 310 | 4.99 (4.79, 5.18) / 65 | 5.16 (5.03, 5.28) / 186 | 5.22 (4.98, 5.56) / 42 | 0.001c | |
| Difference | 0.32 (0.13, 0.51) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.03) | 0.59 (0.34, 0.85) | 0.54 (0.32, 0.75) | 0.12 (−0.33, 0.58) | <0.001d | |
| Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)/n | RYGB | 3.12 (2.96, 3.27) / 123 | 2.70 (2.52, 2.87) / 92 | 2.75 (2.56, 2.93) / 79 | 2.78 (2.60, 2.96) / 80 | 2.95 (2.57, 3.32) / 14 | <0.001b |
| SG | 3.24 (3.15, 3.34) / 325 | 3.30 (3.20, 3.39) / 303 | 3.25 (2.99, 3.51) / 27 | 3.37 (3.25, 3.49) / 187 | 3.18 (2.97, 3.39) / 42 | 0.172c | |
| Difference | 0.13 (−0.06, 0.31) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.80) | 0.50 (0.19, 0.82) | 0.59 (0.37, 0.80) | 0.23 (−0.19, 0.66) | <0.001d | |
| High Density/n Lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)/n | RYGB | 0.99 (0.93, 1.04) / 123 | 1.31 (1.25, 1.37) / 92 | 1.41 (1.34, 1.47) / 79 | 1.45 (1.39, 1.52) / 80 | 1.68 (1.55, 1.81) / 14 | <0.001b |
| SG | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) / 326 | 1.57 (1.53, 1.60) / 303 | 1.55 (1.46, 1.64) / 27 | 1.62 (1.58, 1.66) / 181 | 1.67 (1.60, 1.75) / 42 | 0.040c | |
| Difference | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13) | 0.25 (0.18, 0.33) | 0.13 (0.02, 0.24) | 0.17 (0.09, 0.24) | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.15) | <0.001d | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)/n | RYGB | 1.63 (1.47, 1.79) / 123 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.22) / 92 | 1.04 (0.85, 1.23) / 79 | 1.25 (1.06, 1.44) / 80 | 1.35 (0.94, 1.77) / 14 | <0.001b |
| SG | 1.95 (1.85, 2.05) / 324 | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) / 303 | 1.24 (0.99, 1.50) / 35 | 1.31 (1.19, 1.44) / 182 | 1.68 (1.45, 1.92) / 42 | 0.001c | |
| Difference | 0.33 (0.14, 0.51) | 0.14 (−0.07, 0.35) | 0.20 (−0.12, 0.52) | 0.06 (−0.16, 0.29) | 0.33 (−0.15, 0.81) | 0.224d | |
| HbA1C (%)/n | RYGB | 5.8 (5.7, 6.0) / 97 | 5.4 (5.2, 5.6) / 75 | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) / 81 | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) / 73 | 5.7 (5.40, 6.0) / 23 | <0.001b |
| SG | 6.0 (5.9, 6.1) / 310 | 5.5 (5.4, 5.6) / 237 | 5.4 (5.2, 5.5) / 90 | 5.6 (5.5, 5.7) / 193 | 5.7 (5.6, 5.9) / 72 | 0.034c | |
| Difference | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.1) | −0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.4) | 0.089d | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)/n | RYGB | 6.0 (5.8, 6.3) / 151 | 4.9 (4.7, 5.2) / 146 | 5.0 (4.7, 5.3) / 127 | 5.3 (5.0, 5.6) / 106 | 5.4 (4.8, 6.1) / 18 | <0.001b |
| SG | 6.6 (6.5, 6.8) / 369 | 5.1 (5.0, 5.3) / 313 | 5.2 (4.9, 5.5) / 96 | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) / 205 | 5.6 (5.3, 6.0) / 61 | <0.001c | |
| Difference | 0.6 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.5) | 0.2 (−0.5, 1.0) | 0.122d | |
| Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistancee | RYGB | 3.98 (3.52, 4.43) / 102 | 0.92 (0.43, 1.42) / 87 | 1.36 (0.82, 1.90) / 74 | 1.90 (1.38, 2.42) / 78 | 3.51 (2.17, 4.86) / 12 | <0.001b |
| SG | 3.06 (2.76, 3.36) / 250 | 1.31 (1.04, 1.57) / 302 | 1.66 (0.84, 2.49) / 42 | 2.50 (2.15, 2.85) / 185 | 3.18 (2.45, 3.92) / 40 | <0.001c | |
| Difference | −0.92 (−1.46, −0.37) | 0.38 (−0.18, 0.95) | 0.30 (−0.68, 1.28) | 0.60 (−0.02, 1.22) | −0.33 (−1.86, 1.19) | 0.002d | |
| Cardiovascular risk | RYGB | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) / 123 | 3.4 (3.2, 3.7) / 92 | 3.2 (3.0, 3.5) / 79 | 3.3 (3.1, 3.5) / 80 | 3.1 (2.6, 3.6) / 14 | <0.001b |
| SG | 4.9 (4.8, 5.1) / 326 | 3.5 (3.4, 3.6) / 303 | 3.4 (3.0, 3.7) / 26 | 3.3 (3.1, 3.5) / 181 | 3.5 (3.2, 3.7) / 42 | 0.789c | |
| Difference | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.3) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.3) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) | 0.4 (−0.2, 0.9) | 0.840d |
All values except e are predicted means (95% confidence intervals) from linear mixed model for all pateints with values recorded (n), adjusted for sex, age at operation and baseline body mass index, surgery method and time from surgery as random factors. All models include interaction of time and surgery method.
aValues in parentheses are 95 percent confidence intervals.
bMain effect of time, p values below 0.05 (bold) indicate significant change with time after surgery.
cMain effect of type of operation at baseline, p values below 0.05 (bold) indicate imbalance between groups at baseline.
dMain effect of interaction of operation and time, p values below 0.05 (bold) indicate significant effect of type of operation over time.
eModel based means for patients without diabetes at baseline.