Table 1.
Description of the cohort
| Baseline (N = 1594) | 1-Year follow-up (N = 1001) | Comparison of those retained vs. not retained | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test statistics | Details | |||
| Child gender, N (%) female | 839 (52.6%) | 536 (53.5%) | χ2 (1) = 0.90, p = 0.344, tauC = 0.001 | |
| Child age at assessment, mean (SD) [range]A | 11.44 (2.44) [6–19] | 12.25 (2.38) [8–20] | t (1191.32) = 3.85, p < 0.001, d = 0.20 | Retained children are younger than those not retained |
| Caregiver gender, N (%) female | 1520 (95.4%) | 967 (97.6%) | χ2 (1) = 3.39, p = 0.066, tauC = 0.002 | |
| Caregiver age at assessment, mean (SD) [range] A | 39.03 (8.59) [18–75] | 39.59 (8.42) [15–76] | t (1589) = 1.48, p = 0.139, d = 0.08 | |
| Caregiver relationship to child, N (%) | ||||
| Mother | 1424 (89.3%) | 907 (90.6%) | χ2 (11) = 30.02, p = 0.002, tauC = 0.02 | Included families more likely to have mother as caregiver |
| Father | 65 (4.1%) | 24 (2.4%) | ||
| Stepmother | 25 (1.6%) | 21 (2.1%) | ||
| Grandmother | 24 (1.5%) | 14 (1.4%) | ||
| Sister | 21 (1.3%) | 7 (0.7%) | ||
| Aunt | 18 (1.1%) | 8 (0.8%) | ||
| Brother | 6 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Uncle | 3 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Cousin | 3 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
| Other | 5 (0.3%) | 8 (0.8%) | ||
| Missing B | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (1.1%) | ||
| Time since leaving Syria, N (%) | ||||
| ≤ 3 years ago (baseline)/≤ 4 years ago (follow-up) | 744 (46.7%) | 465 (46.5%) | χ2 (1) = 22.95, p < 0.001, dD = 0.12 | Included families more likely to have left Syria more than 3 years ago |
| > 3 years ago (baseline)/> 4 years ago (follow-up) | 844 (52.9%) | 536 (53.5%) | ||
| Missing | 6 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Child nationality, N (%) | ||||
| Syrian | 1571 (98.6%) | 988 (98.7%) | χ2 (4) = 5.25, p = 0.263, tauC = 0.003 | |
| Lebanese | 8 (0.5%) | 3 (0.3%) | ||
| Palestinian | 13 (0.8%) | 9 (0.9%) | ||
| Iraqi | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Caregiver nationality, N (%) | ||||
| Syrian | 1577 (98.9%) | 980 (97.9%) | χ2 (3) = 6.12, p = 0.106, tauC = 0.003 | |
| Lebanese | 8 (0.5%) | 4 (0.4%) | ||
| Palestinian | 5 (0.3%) | 5 (0.5%) | ||
| Iraqi | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
| Missing B | 3 (0.2%) | 11 (1.1%) | ||
| Child married/engaged, N (%) | 26 (1.6%) | 29 (2.9%) | χ2 (1) = 0.08, p = 0.776, tauC = 0.00 | |
| UNHCR vulnerability rating, N (%) | ||||
| Most vulnerable | 615 (38.6%) | 342 (34.0%) | χ2 (2) = 30.03, p < 0.001, dD = 0.08 | Included families less likely to be from most vulnerable localities |
| Second most vulnerable | 648 (40.6%) | 454 (45.1%) | ||
| Third most vulnerable | 332 (20.8%) | 209 (20.8%) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||
| Family members registered with UNHCR, N (%) | ||||
| All | 1253 (78.6%) | 866 (86.5%) | χ2 (2) = 17.42, p < 0.001, dD = − 0.09 | Included families more likely to be registered with UNHCR |
| Some | 174 (10.9%) | 99 (9.9%) | ||
| None | 163 (10.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | ||
| Missing B | 4 (0.3%) | 18 (1.8%) | ||
| Number of people in the household, median (IQR) [range] | ||||
| Adults | 2 (1) [1–11] | 2 (1) [1–12] | U = 290,467.5, p = 0.835 | |
| Children | 5 (2) [1–18] | 5 (2) [1–16] | U = 286,022.0, p = 0.353 | |
| Total | 7 (3) [2–24] | 7 (3) [2–22] | U = 283,132.5, p = 0.361 | |
| Caregiver has current job, N (%) | ||||
| No | 1384 (86.8%) | 817 (81.6%) | χ2 (1) = 6.45, p = 0.011, tauC = 0.004 | Included families were less likely to report the primary caregiver having a job |
| Yes | 206 (12.9%) | 174 (17.4%) | ||
| Wholesale and retail | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||
| Other services, e.g. hotel, transport, cleaning, childcare | 10 (0.6%) | 18 (1.8%) | ||
| Agriculture | 169 (10.6%) | 137 (13.7%) | ||
| Construction | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Manufacturing | 6 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Other | 14 (0.9%) | 16 (1.6%) | ||
| Missing | 4 (0.3%) | 10 (1.0%) | ||
| Child has access to education, N (%) | ||||
| No school | 621 (39.0%) | 542 (54.1%) | χ2 (2) = 20.79, p < 0.001, dD = 0.09 | Included children were more likely to have access to education |
| Some education | 398 (25.0%) | 209 (20.9%) | ||
| School | 573 (35.9%) | 249 (24.9%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
AAge is the best estimate rounded to the nearest year, based on all date of birth and age data available (see Supplementary Section 1); caregiver age is missing for n = 3 cases
BAt follow-up, n = 9 children took part without a caregiver and for n = 1 caregiver data were missing due to tablet failure; caregiver reported data were missing for n = 10 cases
CGoodman–Kruskal tau
DSomers’ d