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. 2022 Mar 10;13:797923. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.797923

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Copyright © 2022 Osipova, Kokoreva, Lazebnik, Golovanova, Pavlov, Dukhanin, Orlova and Starostin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PCH as an endogenous ligand of PPARα. Exogenous PCH means PCH administered with essential phospholipids. (1) PCH stimulates endogenous synthesis of 16:0/18:1-GPC binding with PPARα receptors. (2) After PPARα activation it binds to another transcription factor, RXR (retinoid-x receptor). (3) The formation of heterodimeric complexes leads to their transport into the nucleus. (4) Heterodimeric complexes bind to the specific sequence, peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE), localized in the promoters of different genes responsible for ACO, CPT, and FABP1 synthesis. (5) *Acyl-CoA oxidase participates in the oxidation of fatty acids. *Carnitine palmitoyltransferase is responsible for the transfer of FA from the outer to the inner membrane for oxidation of the fatty acid inside the mitochondria. *FABP1 provides an appropriate VLDLs assembly.