Table 2.
Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction score and low-grade inflammation score
| Physical activity level | Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction | Low-grade inflammation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 β (95% CI) |
Model 2 β (95% CI) |
Model 3 β (95% CI) |
Model 4a β (95% CI) |
Model 4b β (95% CI) |
Model 1 β (95% CI) |
Model 2 β (95% CI) |
Model 3 β (95% CI) |
Model 4a β (95% CI) |
Model 4b β (95% CI) |
|
| Total physical activity (h/day) | −0.18 (−0.22, −0.14)*** | −0.17 (−0.21, −0.13)*** | −0.11 (−0.15, −0.07)*** | – | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01)* | −0.22 (−0.26, −0.18)*** | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.16)*** | −0.11 (−0.15, −0.08)*** | – | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.03)*** |
| Light intensity physical activity (h/day) | −0.10 (−0.14, −0.06)*** | −0.10 (−0.14, −0.06)*** | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02)** | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.001) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.14 (−0.18, −0.10)*** | −0.13 (−0.17, −0.09)*** | −0.07(−0.11, −0.04)*** | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02)** | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01)** |
| Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (h/day) | −0.16 (−0.20, −0.13)*** | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.11)*** | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05)*** | −0.08 (−0.12, −0.04)** | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.01) | −0.22 (−0.26, −0.18)*** | −0.19 (−0.23, −0.15)*** | −0.11 (−0.15, −0.07)*** | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05)*** | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.03)*** |
| Vigorous intensity physical activity (h/day) | −0.10 (−0.14, −0.06)*** | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05)*** | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.004)* | –0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | −0.004 (−0.04, 0.03) | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.11)*** | −0.13 (−0.17, −0.09)*** | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.03)*** | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02)** | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01)** |
| Sedentary time (h/day) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17)*** | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17)*** | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12)*** | 0.06 (0.02, 0.10)** | 0.03 (−0.001, 0.07) | 0.16 (0.12, 0.20)*** | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19)*** | 0.08 (0.05, 0.12)*** | 0.05 (0.01, 0.09)* | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07)* |
| Sedentary breaks (n/day) | −0.08 (−0.12, −0.04)*** | −0.08 (−0.12, −0.04)*** | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.002)* | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.11 (−0.15, −0.07)*** | −0.10 (−0.14, −0.07)*** | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02)** | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.004)* | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.002)* |
| Prolonged sedentary bouts (n/day) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15)*** | 0.12 (0.08, 0.16)*** | 0.06 (0.02, 0.10)** | 0.04 (−0.003, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19)*** | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19)*** | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11)*** | 0.05 (0.01, 0.09)* | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08)** |
Regression coefficients (β) represents the increase/decrease in biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction/low-grade inflammation for every SD physical activity/sedentary behaviour
1 SD total physical activity is equivalent to 0.69 h/day; 1 SD light intensity physical activity is equivalent to 1.52 h/day; 1 SD moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity is equivalent to 0.45 h/day; 1 SD vigorous intensity physical activity is equivalent to 0.17 h/day; 1 SD sedentary time is equivalent to 1.67 h/day; 1 SD sedentary breaks is equivalent to 8.58 breaks/day; 1 SD prolonged sedentary bouts is equivalent to 1.57 bouts/day
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex and glucose metabolism status; model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking, Dutch healthy diet index and level of education; model 3 was additionally adjusted for history of CVD, BMI, mobility limitation (yes/no), triacylglycerol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, use of lipid-modifying medication, use of antihypertensive medication and office systolic BP
For the sedentary behaviour and light intensity physical activity, model 4a was additionally adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and vigorous intensity physical activity, model 4a was additionally adjusted for sedentary time; model 4b was additionally adjusted for low-grade inflammation (in case of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction) and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (in case of low-grade inflammation)
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001