Table 4.
Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, stratified by glucose metabolism status
| Physical activity level | Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 β (95% CI) |
Model 2 β (95% CI) |
Model 3 β (95% CI) |
|
| Total physical activity | |||
| Normal glucose metabolism | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.06)*** | −0.11 (−0.17, −0.06)*** | −0.06 (−0.12, −0.01)* |
| Prediabetes | −0.20 (−0.30, −0.10)*** | −0.21 (−0.31, −0.10)*** | −0.16 (−0.26, −0.05)** |
| T2D | −0.27 (−0.34, −0.19)*** | −0.25 (−0.32, −0.17)*** | −0.14 (−0.22, −0.06)*** |
| Light intensity physical activity | |||
| Normal glucose metabolism | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.03) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.07) |
| Prediabetes | −0.15 (−0.26, −0.04)** | −0.16 (−0.27, −0.05)** | −0.17 (−0.27, −0.06)** |
| T2D | −0.17 (−0.25, −0.10)*** | −0.17 (−0.25, −0.10)*** | −0.10 (−0.18, −0.03)** |
| Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity | |||
| Normal glucose metabolism | −0.13 (−0.18, −0.07)*** | −0.12 (−0.17, −0.07)*** | −0.08 (−0.13, −0.02)** |
| Prediabetes | −0.17 (−0.27, −0.07)** | −0.16 (−0.26, −0.06)** | −0.11 (−0.21, −0.001)* |
| T2D | −0.24 (−0.31, −0.16)*** | −0.21 (−0.28, −0.13)*** | −0.10 (−0.18, −0.02)* |
| Vigorous intensity physical activity | |||
| Normal glucose metabolism | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.05)*** | −0.10 (−0.16, −0.05)*** | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.002)* |
| Prediabetes | −0.10 (−0.20, 0.01) | −0.09 (−0.19, 0.02) | −0.03 (−0.13, 0.08) |
| T2D | −0.15 (−0.22, −0.07)*** | −0.12 (−0.20, −0.05)** | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.02) |
| Sedentary time | |||
| Normal glucose metabolism | 0.06 (0.001, 0.10)* | 0.06 (0.003, 0.12)* | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.07) |
| Prediabetes | 0.20 (0.10, 0.31)*** | 0.22 (0.11, 0.33)*** | 0.21 (0.10, 0.31)*** |
| T2D | 0.18 (0.11, 0.26)*** | 0.18 (0.10, 0.25)*** | 0.10 (0.02, 0.17)* |
Regression coefficients (β) represents the increase/decrease in biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction for every SD physical activity/sedentary behaviour
1 SD total physical activity is equivalent to 0.67 h/day, 1 SD light intensity physical activity is equivalent to 1.48 h/day, 1 SD moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity is equivalent to 0.43 h/day, 1 SD vigorous intensity physical activity is equivalent to 0.16 h/day, 1 SD sedentary time is equivalent to 1.60 h/day
Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking, Dutch healthy diet index and level of education; model 3 was additionally adjusted for history of CVD, BMI, office systolic BP, mobility limitation (yes/no), triacylglycerol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, use of lipid-modifying medication and use of antihypertensive medication
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
T2D, type 2 diabetes