Table 1.

Group characteristics

Groups	Leadership	Membership	Recruitment	Ideological orientation
QAnon	Symbolic leader Decentralized structure Isolates as decision-makers Anonymity is permitted	Social isolates Political isolates Left and right political extremists Religious extremists Typically older generation	Non-targeted Internet-based Word of mouth	Anti-establishment Revise political institution Promote religious battle
Christian Identity	Symbolic founders Decentralized structure Isolates as decision-makers	Social isolates Political isolates Religious extremists Typically white	Non-targeted Radio and internet-based Word of mouth	Anti-establishment Revise political institution Promote religious battle Promote race war
LaRouche Movement	Symbolic leader Decentralized structure Isolates as decision-makers	Social isolates Political isolates Right-wing political extremists Typically younger generation and educated	Non-targeted Written materials, radio- and internet-based Word of mouth	Anti-establishment Revise political institution Promote religious battle
Phineas Priesthood	Symbolic leader Decentralized structure Isolates as decision-makers Anonymity is expected	Social isolates Political isolates Religious extremists Typically white males	Non-targeted Written materials Word of mouth	Anti-establishment Revise political institution Promote religious battle Promote race war
Atomwaffen Division	Symbolic leader Decentralized structure Isolates as decision-makers	Social isolates Political isolates Right-wing extremists Typically younger generation and white males	Non-targeted generally Limited targeted (colleges and military) Written materials and internet-based Word of mouth	Anti-establishment Revise political institution Promote religious battle Promote race war