Table 1.
Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of 256 older adults, separated by sex.
| Variable | Total N = 256 |
Women N = 168 |
Men N = 88 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 79.5 ± 4.2 (68–94) | 79.7 ± 4.2 (70–94) | 79 ± 4.3 (68–92) | 0.200 |
| Height (cm) | 153.2 ± 8.8 | 149 ± 6.9 | 161.2 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.4 ± 12 | 66.4 ± 12.2 | 69.3 ± 11.6 | < 0.070 |
| WC (cm) | 96 ± 11.1 | 96.6 ± 11.5 | 94.8 ± 10.2 | 0.223 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 28.7 ± 4.9 | 29.9 ± 5.0 | 26 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 75 (29.3%) | 44 (26.2%) | 31 (35.2%) | 0.310 |
| Non-White | 181 (70.7%) | 124 (73.8%) | 57 (64.8%) | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 158 ± 23 (105–220) | 159 ± 23 (105–220) | 154 ± 23 (105–217) | 0.382 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84 ± 12 (56–131) | 84 ± 15 (60–196) | 84 ± 13 (56–124) | 0.560 |
| Alcohol consumption* | ||||
| Current | 4 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Last 3–4 years | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.3%) | |
| Never | 201(78.5%) | 143 (85.1%) | 58 (65.9%) | |
| Social | 49 (19.1%) | 25 (4.9%) | 24 (27.3%) | |
| Smoking | 24 (9.4%) | 7 (8%) | 17 (10.1%) | 0.570 |
| Degree of physical activity* | ||||
| Low | 40 (15.6%) | 28 (16.7%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0.199 |
| Moderate | 149 (58.2%) | 102 (60.7%) | 47 (53.4) | |
| High | 67 (26.2%) | 38 (22.6%) | 29 (33%) | |
| Coffee Consumption | 231 (90.2%) | 156 (92.9%) | 75 (85.2%) | 0.051 |
| DM | 58 (22.7%) | 42 (25%) | 16 (18.2%) | 0.210 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 103 (40.2%) | 84 (50.6%) | 19 (21.6%) | < 0.001 |
| HT | 192 (75%) | 133 (79.2%) | 59 (67.1%) | 0.030 |
| DLP | 117 (45.7%) | 89 (53%) | 28 (31.8%) | 0.001 |
| Angina | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| MI | 8 (3.1%) | 5 (3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 1.000 |
| Stroke | 20 (7.8%) | 9 (5.4%) | 11 (12.5%) | 0.040 |
| DVT | 6 (2.3%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.660 |
| BT score ≤ − 2.5 | 101 (39.5%) | 81 (48.2%) | 20 (22.7%) | < 0.001 |
| New fracture | 17 (6.6%) | 14 (8.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0.130 |
| Fall | 76 (29.7%) | 58 (34.5%) | 18 (20.5%) | 0.010 |
Continuous variables are represented as the mean ± standard deviation (t test); discontinuous variables are represented as the median and interquartile range (Mann–Whitney U test); binomial variables are represented as the number and percentage (Chi2 test); *Variables with Linkert scales were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test. WC waist circumference, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DM diabetes, HT hypertension, DLP dyslipidemia, MI myocardial infarction, DVT deep-vein thrombosis, BT score bone T score.