Fig. 3. Tissue bioanalysis shows no major accumulation of VTD in an animal model.

Mice were treated with a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg VTD followed by tissue extraction at timepoints of 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. A–E Bioanalysis revealed that VTD concentrations were in the pg/mg tissue range in all collected tissues. VTD concentrations peaked at ~8 h at ~20–30 pg/mg but were largely eliminated by 12 h in brain tissues (A). VTD concentrations in heart tissue peaked immediately after IP injection but were rapidly eliminated (B). Similar findings were observed for kidney (C) and spleen (D) tissues. The status of VTD level in lung tissues suggests a possible secondary absorption mechanism (E). No VTD was detected in the liver, suggesting that VTD is largely renally cleared unchanged.