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. 2022 Mar 28;12:5264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09183-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mineralization of the extracellular matrix, assessed by Alizarin Red S staining, induced by hFOB 1.19 cells (a), and their relative gene expression (b). The cells were cultured on bare Ti6Al4V samples (Ti6Al4V), on Ti6Al4V samples coated with the O-terminated nanocrystalline diamond coating (O-NCD), or on Ti6Al4V samples coated with the O-terminated nanocrystalline diamond coating functionalized with BMP-7 (O-NCD + BMP-7) under differentiation conditions (a restrictive temperature of 39.5 °C) for 3 weeks. Graph (b) compares the gene expression of osteogenic markers RUNX-2 and OSX (osterix; both early markers), BGN and DCN (biglycan and decorin; mid-term markers) and COL1A1 with SPARC (collagen type I and osteonectin; late markers). The relative mRNA expression was quantified by the $2^{- Δ Δ C t}$ method. The data are expressed relative to GAPDH, normalized to gene expression on the reference Ti6Al4V sample (calibrator). Mean ± S.E.M. (a). Mean ± SD (b). * indicates a significant difference from the reference Ti6Al4V, while # shows a significant difference from the O-NCD coating; p < 0.05.