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. 2022 Mar 28;12:5264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09183-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Micro-CT images of implants after 4 and 12 weeks. Two representative cases from each group are shown in longitudinal sections. Increased bone coverage progressing from the screw head towards its tip is evident in all groups. There is clearly more implant coverage in the O-NCD-coated group than in the reference uncoated Ti6Al4V group, and the thickness of the newly-formed bone in contact with the surface of the screw is enhanced in the O-NCD + BMP-7-coated group, especially the tip of the screw. Note also the less mineralized cartilage filling the head of the screw. Scale bar 1 mm.