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. 2022 Mar 28;12:5259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08972-w

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The 3D models reconstructed using PCX-CT. Typical appearance of the sphenoid (including the occipital and the nasal septum) in each stage (black bar: 1 mm). Note that these are not necessarily corresponding to the findings recorded in Table 2 and Fig. 2 which are the results of HS observation. Arrows (CS19) indicate a structure that articulates with the orbitosphenoid and presphenoid, which is called “postorbital root of the orbital wing” or “hypochiasmatic alae” in previous reports. HS, histological section; PCX-CT, phase-contrast CT; AT, ala temporalis; AP, alar process; B, basisphenoid; DS, dorsum sella; FR, foramen rotundum; HC, hypoglossal canal; LW, lateral part of the lesser wing; ME, mesethmoid; MP, medial pterygoid process; O, occipital; OS, orbitosphenoid; PS, presphenoid; S, sella tunica.