Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Total (N = 97) | Male (n = 66) | Female (n = 31) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 11.09 (10.09–12.11) | 11.10 (10.09–13.01) | 11.09 (10.09–12.11) | |
| BMI z-score | 2.54 ± 0.77 | 2.51 ± 0.71 | 2.61 ± 0.90 | |
| Total calorie intake, kcal/day | 2182.12 ± 451.78 | 2259.15 ± 431.24 | 2018.13 ± 457.57 | |
| Sleep duration, min/day | 525.67 ± 53.12 | 528.92 ± 46.26 | 518.73 ± 65.73 | |
| Screen time, hour/day | 2.44 ± 1.29 | 2.44 ± 1.26 | 2.45 ± 1.36 | |
| Exercise frequency, /day | 4.26 ± 1.83 | 4.42 ± 1.85 | 3.90 ± 1.75 | |
| Sedentary time, min/day | 412.37 ± 240.11 | 409.09 ± 248.66 | 419.35 ± 224.62 | |
| Re-examine duration, days | 294.0 (203.0–332.5) | 294.0 (203.0–329.0) | 287.0 (203.0–357.0) | |
| Monthly household income (n = 96) | ||||
| Lowest (< 3,000,000 KRW/mon) | 12 (12.5) | 8 (12.3) | 4 (12.9) | |
| Middle (3,000,000–6,000,000 KRW/mon) | 47 (49.0) | 31 (47.7) | 16 (51.6) | |
| Highest (> 6,000,000 KRW/mon) | 37 (38.1) | 26 (41.0) | 11 (35.5) | |
| Maternal education (n = 93) | ||||
| Secondary or lower | 24 (25.8) | 19 (30.2) | 5 (16.7) | |
| Higher than secondary | 69 (74.2) | 44 (69.8) | 25 (83.3) | |
| Paternal education (n = 81) | ||||
| Secondary or lower | 19 (23.5) | 11 (20.4) | 8 (29.6) | |
| Higher than secondary | 62 (76.5) | 43 (79.6) | 19 (70.4) | |
| Parental CVD history (n = 82) | ||||
| None | 32 (39.0) | 21 (38.1) | 11 (40.7) | |
| Present | 50 (61.0) | 34 (61.8) | 16 (59.3) | |
Re–examine duration refers to the interval between pre– and post–examination.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) or number (%).
BMI = body mass index, KRW = Korean Republic Won, CVD = cardiovascular disease.