Table 2. Physical examination and laboratory test results according to assessment periods.
| Variables | Pre-lockdown (n = 97) | Post-lockdown (n = 97) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height, cm | 156.77 ± 10.20 | 161.09 ± 9.59 | < 0.001 | |
| Body weight, kg | 67.30 (58.50–75.95) | 72.80 (63.85–82.80) | < 0.001 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 87.01 ± 9.96 | 87.09 ± 9.81 | 0.905 | |
| Obesity status | 0.020 | |||
| Overweight | 11 (11.3) | 15 (15.5) | ||
| Mild to moderate obesity | 63 (64.9) | 50 (51.5) | ||
| Severe obesity | 23 (23.7) | 32 (33.0) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.30 (25.25–29.50) | 28.40 (26.40–30.95) | < 0.001 | |
| BMI z-score | 2.56 (2.01–2.94) | 2.62 (2.03–3.18) | 0.014 | |
| Fat mass index, kg/m2 | 11.36 ± 2.02 | 11.81 ± 2.29 | 0.002 | |
| Fat free mass index, kg/m2 | 16.05 (14.69–17.36) | 16.66 (15.29–18.08) | < 0.001 | |
| Post 1 min heart rate | 113.04 ± 15.88 | 125.37 ± 15.61 | < 0.001 | |
| Upper muscular strength index | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.14 | 0.011 | |
| Lower muscular strength index | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.84 ± 0.17 | 0.259 | |
| SBP, mmHg | 118.62 ± 13.71 | 121.58 ± 12.49 | 0.009 | |
| DBP, mmHg | 70.26 ± 9.53 | 72.39 ± 10.41 | 0.030 | |
| AST, U/L | 24.0 (19.5–32.0) | 23.0 (18.0–34.0) | 0.419 | |
| ALT, U/L | 24.0 (16.0–39.5) | 27.0 (16.5–51.5) | 0.023 | |
| GGT, U/L | 21.0 (16.0–29.5) | 22.0 (15.5–32.5) | 0.069 | |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 105.0 (74.5–137.5) | 111.0 (85.0–152.5) | 0.013 | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.0 (45.5–58.0) | 47.0 (42.0–52.5) | < 0.001 | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 106.41 ± 27.09 | 102.58 ± 23.69 | 0.070 | |
| HOMA-IR | 4.72 (3.21–6.98) | 5.26 (3.77–8.55) | 0.003 | |
| 25(OH Vitamin D, ng/mL | 23.39 ± 6.78 | 19.05 ± 5.98 | < 0.001 | |
| Calorie intake, kcal | 2,186.8 ± 451.8 | 1,905.9 ± 574.1 | < 0.001 | |
| Dietary quality (DQI) | 60.80 ± 7.56 | 56.73 ± 7.44 | < 0.001 | |
| Fruit intake, frequency/wk | 3.5 (1.5–7.0) | 3.5 (1.5–7.0) | 0.465 | |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, frequency/wk | 1.5 (1.5–3.5) | 1.5 (0.0–3.5) | 0.879 | |
| Fast-food intake, frequency/wk | 1.5 (0.38–1.5) | 1.5 (0.0–1.5) | 0.397 | |
| Snack intake, frequency/wk | 1.5 (1.5–3.5) | 1.5 (0.0–1.5) | 0.076 | |
| Vegetable intake, frequency/wk | 3.5 (3.5–14.0) | 3.5 (1.5–5.5) | 0.560 | |
| Physical activity (METS) | 2,760 (1,380–5,460) | 1,980 (400–3,840) | 0.061 | |
| Screen time (hr/day) | 2.00 (1.50–3.00) | 3.75 (3.00–4.50) | < 0.001 | |
| Exercise frequency, frequency/wk | 3.5 (3.5–5.5) | 3.5 (1.5–5.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Sedentary time, min/day | 420.0 (190.0–585.0) | 420.0 (247.5–682.5) | 0.070 | |
| Walking duration, min/day | 20.0 (10.0–30.0) | 20.0 (0.0–50.0) | 0.762 | |
| Sleeping duration, min/day | 532.5 (502.5–563.8) | 515.0 (480.0–570.0) | 0.575 | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) or number (%).
P values of paired t-test (normative variables) or Wilcoxon signed rank test (non–normative variables) or McNemar–Bowker test (categorical variable).
BMI = body mass index, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, AST = aspartate amino–transferase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, GGT = gamma–glutamyl transferase, HDL–C = high–density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL–C = low–density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA–IR = homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, DQI = Dietary Quality Index, METS = metabolic equivalent of tasks.