Table 4.
Demographic, sociodemographic risk factors and clinical outcomes based on treatment types in anti-HDV+ (and HDV RNA+ or HDV RNA-) individuals; comparison between patients treated with interferon, vs. any other treatment active against HBV, vs. no treatment.
| Variable | HDV with IFNα Rx (n = 33) | HDV with other Rx (n = 50) | HDV with no Rx (n = 52) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 45.9 (41.5–50.4, 33) | 47.7 (44.3–51.2, 50) | 44.8 (41.1–48.5, 52) | 0.506 |
| Male sex | 78.8% (26/33) | 74.0% (37/50) | 61.5% (32/52) | 0.184 |
| Canada born | 15.6% (5/32) | 21.7% (10/46) | 4.2% (2/48) | 0.041 |
| Born in country endemic for HBV | 56.3% (18/32) | 60.9% (28/46) | 68.8% (33/48) | 0.500 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Asian | 40.6% (13/32) | 21.7% (10/46) | 16.0% (8/50) | 0.035 |
| White | 28.1% (9/32) | 30.4% (14/46) | 34.0% (17/50) | 0.845 |
| Black/African/Caribbean | 18.8% (6/32) | 47.8% (22/46) | 40.0% (20/50) | 0.030 |
| Other ethnicity | 12.5% (4/32) | 0% (0/46) | 10.0% (5/50) | 0.060 |
| Other sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Alcohol use | 45.5% (15/33) | 32.0% (16/50) | 26.9% (14/52) | 0.204 |
| Smoking | 27.3% (9/33) | 32.0% (16/50) | 21.2% (11/52) | 0.463 |
| Injection/intranasal drug use | 12.1% (4/33) | 18.0% (9/50) | 3.8% (2/52) | 0.074 |
| High-risk sexual contact | 6.1% (2/33) | 12.0% (6/50) | 0% (0/52) | 0.037 |
| Hepatic outcomes | ||||
| Liver transplant | 6.1% (2/33) | 10.0% (5/50) | 3.8% (2/52) | 0.455 |
| Cirrhosis | 69.7% (23/33) | 50.0% (25/50) | 25.0% (13/52) | <0.001 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 9.1% (3/33) | 10.0% (5/50) | 5.8% (3/52) | 0.718 |
| Variceal bleeding | 6.1% (2/33) | 10.0% (5/50) | 0% (0/52) | 0.072 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 0% (0/33) | 6.0% (3/50) | 0% (0/52) | 0.074 |
| Transient elastography (TE; kPa) | 12.9 (9.8-16.0, 25) | 15.1 (10.0-20.2, 35) | 10.6 (7.5–13.8, 34) | 0.260 |
| >F2 fibrosis (TE >7.3 kPa) | 68.0% (17/25) | 68.6% (24/35) | 58.8% (20/34) | 0.649 |
| >F3 fibrosis (TE >10.7 kPa) | 48.0% (12/25) | 45.7% (16/35) | 26.5% (9/34) | 0.154 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| ALT (IU/ml) | 94.4 (58.7–130.2, 32) | 65.1 (48.1–82.2, 49) | 72.4 (44.6–100.2, 51) | 0.319 |
| ALT % above ULN∗ | 81.3% (26/32) | 67.3% (33/49) | 68.6% (35/51) | 0.351 |
| AST (U/L) | 65.1 (46.0–84.1, 25) | 68.1 (48.0–88.1, 42) | 48.7 (37.3–60.0, 42) | 0.190 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 19.1 (11.1–27.0, 21) | 18.7 (11.6–25.7, 40) | 12.8 (9.7–16.0, 35) | 0.270 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.7 (69.1–82.2, 20) | 82.2 (73.4–90.9, 43) | 90.8 (55.5–126.0, 27) | 0.616 |
| INR | 1.13 (1.04–1.21, 20) | 1.26 (1.13–1.39, 35) | 1.15 (1.08–1.21, 31) | 0.124 |
| HBeAg+ | 6.7% (2/30) | 21.7% (10/46) | 10.4% (5/48) | 0.122 |
| HBV DNA, Log IU/ml | 0.37 (0.05–0.69, 29) | 0.95 (0.51–1.38, 50) | 1.81 (1.24–2.38, 45) | <0.001 |
| HBV DNA detectable | 25.0% (8/32) | 40.0% (20/50) | 70.6% (36/51) | <0.001 |
| HDV RNA-positive | 83.9% (26/31) | 75.5% (37/49) | 66.0% (33/50) | 0.194 |
| HIV-positive | 0% (0/26) | 30.3% (10/33) | 2.7% (1/37) | <0.001 |
| HCV-seropositive | 15.4% (4/26) | 25.0% (9/36) | 11.1% (5/45) | 0.246 |
Continuous data are shown as mean (SD) (n). Categorical data are shown as mean % (n). For continuous variables, where there is missing data n is shown as n/n known. Statistics comparing continuous data (1-way ANOVA) or categorical data (Chi-square). Values of p <0.05 considered significant.
∗
ALT ULN >35 for males, >25 for females.