Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White Patients With Cancer and COVID-19 Diagnosis.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | Absolute standardized mean difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 3506) | Black (n = 1068) | White (n = 2438) | Unweighted | Weighted | |
| Age, median (IQR), ya | 67 (58-77) | 65 (57-74) | 68 (58-78) | 0.163 | 0.046 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1768 (50) | 556 (52) | 1212 (50) | 0.048 | 0.023 |
| Male | 1736 (50) | 511 (48) | 1225 (50) | 0.048 | 0.023 |
| Missing or unknownb | 2 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | NA | NA |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1742 (50) | 532 (50) | 1210 (50) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
| Ever | 1647 (47) | 496 (46) | 1161 (48) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
| Missing or unknownb | 107 (3) | 40 (4) | 67 (3) | NA | NA |
| Obesityc | |||||
| No | 2075 (59) | 581 (54) | 1494 (61) | 0.139 | 0.004 |
| Yes | 1405 (40) | 480 (45) | 925 (38) | 0.139 | 0.004 |
| Missing or unknownb | 26 (1) | 7 (1) | 19 (1) | NA | NA |
| Comorbiditiesd | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 1245 (36) | 338 (32) | 907 (37) | 0.117 | 0.007 |
| Pulmonary | 822 (23) | 246 (23) | 576 (24) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Kidney disease | 640 (18) | 248 (23) | 392 (16) | 0.180 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 985 (28) | 411 (38) | 574 (24) | 0.328 | 0.069 |
| Missing or unknownb | 33 (1) | 10 (1) | 23 (1) | NA | NA |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, median (IQR)e | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-2) | 0.190 | 0.061 |
| Type of malignant neoplasmd | |||||
| Solid tumor | 2886 (82) | 869 (81) | 2017 (83) | 0.036 | 0.012 |
| Hematological neoplasm | 745 (21) | 228 (21) | 517 (21) | 0.003 | 0.024 |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status | |||||
| 0 | 1192 (34) | 368 (34) | 824 (34) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
| 1 | 903 (26) | 316 (30) | 587 (24) | 0.128 | 0.019 |
| ≥2 | 586 (17) | 185 (17) | 401 (16) | 0.024 | 0.008 |
| Unknownb | 820 (23) | 196 (18) | 624 (26) | 0.175 | 0.028 |
| Missingb | 5 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 2 (<1) | NA | NA |
| Cancer status | |||||
| Remission or no evidence of disease | 1901 (54) | 555 (52) | 1346 (55) | 0.064 | 0.035 |
| Active and responding | 352 (10) | 123 (12) | 229 (9) | 0.070 | 0.008 |
| Active and stable | 551 (16) | 160 (15) | 391 (16) | 0.029 | 0.012 |
| Active and progressing | 432 (12) | 140 (13) | 292 (12) | 0.035 | 0.011 |
| Unknownb | 266 (8) | 88 (8) | 178 (7) | 0.035 | 0.027 |
| Missingb | 4 (<1) | 2 (<1) | 2 (<1) | NA | NA |
| Timing of anticancer therapy | |||||
| Never treated | 276 (8) | 76 (7) | 200 (8) | 0.049 | 0.029 |
| 0-4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis | 1046 (30) | 352 (33) | 694 (28) | 0.098 | 0.006 |
| 1-3 mo before COVID-19 diagnosis | 256 (7) | 72 (7) | 184 (8) | 0.031 | 0.017 |
| >3 mo before COVID-19 diagnosis | 1763 (50) | 523 (49) | 1240 (51) | 0.038 | 0.017 |
| Missing or unknownb | 165 (5) | 45 (4) | 120 (5) | NA | NA |
| Modality of active anticancer therapyf,g | |||||
| None | 2076 (59) | 603 (56) | 1473 (60) | 0.080 | 0.016 |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 504 (14) | 178 (17) | 326 (13) | 0.094 | 0.012 |
| Targeted therapy | 444 (13) | 153 (14) | 291 (12) | 0.076 | 0.005 |
| Endocrine therapy | 344 (10) | 106 (10) | 238 (10) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Immunotherapy | 165 (5) | 36 (3) | 129 (5) | 0.092 | 0.005 |
| Locoregional therapy | 309 (9) | 81 (8) | 228 (9) | 0.065 | 0.011 |
| Other | 25 (1) | 10 (1) | 15 (1) | 0.036 | 0.001 |
| Missing or unknownb | 128 (4) | 41 (4) | 87 (4) | NA | NA |
| Insurance | |||||
| Medicaid alone | 138 (4) | 70 (7) | 68 (3) | 0.179 | 0.179 |
| Medicare alone | 895 (26) | 257 (24) | 638 (26) | 0.049 | 0.020 |
| Medicare or Medicaid with or without other | 78 (2) | 31 (3) | 47 (2) | 0.064 | 0.082 |
| Other government with or without other | 52 (1) | 24 (2) | 28 (1) | 0.085 | 0.116 |
| Private with or without other | 909 (26) | 215 (20) | 694 (28) | 0.195 | 0.192 |
| Uninsured | 33 (1) | 14 (1) | 19 (1) | 0.052 | 0.038 |
| Missing or unknownb | 1401 (40) | 457 (43) | 944 (39) | NA | NA |
| Month of COVID-19 diagnosis | |||||
| January to April 2020 | 1369 (39) | 460 (43) | 909 (37) | 0.114 | 0.030 |
| May to August 2020 | 1796 (51) | 565 (53) | 1231 (50) | 0.044 | 0.011 |
| September to November 2020 | 324 (9) | 41 (4) | 283 (12) | 0.294 | 0.066 |
| Missing or unknownb | 17 (<1) | 2 (<1) | 15 (1) | NA | NA |
| Region of patient’s residence | |||||
| Northeast | 1035 (30) | 284 (27) | 751 (31) | 0.088 | 0.003 |
| Midwest | 1294 (37) | 426 (40) | 868 (36) | 0.093 | 0.012 |
| South | 688 (20) | 296 (28) | 392 (16) | 0.284 | 0.002 |
| West | 415 (12) | 44 (4) | 371 (15) | 0.382 | 0.015 |
| Not designated | 74 (2) | 18 (2) | 56 (2) | 0.044 | 0.013 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
For patients younger than 18 years, age was truncated to 18 years; for patients older than 89 years, age was truncated to 90 years. Truncation was done in concordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and to reduce the risk of reidentifiability.
The missing or unknown category indicates either missingness because of nonresponse for optional survey questions or a response of unknown; an unknown category was provided for all survey questions. For the missing or unknown category, standardized mean differences are not provided because these were calculated from imputed data.
Refers to patients reported to have obesity or to have a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) greater than 30.
Percentages could sum to greater than 100% because categories are not mutually exclusive.
Modified Klabunde index is used. Klabunde is a modification of the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Refers to within 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis.
Five percent of patients (n = 188) were receiving radiation treatment (52 Black patients [5%] and 136 White patients [6%]).