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. 2022 Mar 10;12:776996. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.776996

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Copyright © 2022 Wu, Shi, Bai, Wang, Wei, Liu and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role of livh/livk in the growth, invasion efficiency, and EPS production of P. gingivalis. (A) Growth curve of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 WT, Δlivh, and Δlivk strain. (B) Invasion efficiency of P. gingivalis Δlivh/Δlivk compared with that of the parental strain. (C) Representative CSLM images of EPS (green) labeled with FITC-labeled concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin and P. gingivalis (red) wild-type, Δlivh and Δlivk. Scale bar = 50 μm. (D) Quantitative determination of EPS using Volocity software version 6.3. CSLM, confocal laser scanning microscopy, EPS, exopolysaccharide, FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer-I. The results are the average of three independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD, ^***P ≤ 0.001.