Table 4.

Primary shortcomings identified in the formative evaluation and proposed updates.

Shortcomings	Proposed updates
Boring game	Increase the diversity of game mechanics through rewards, collectibles, and levels; update the user interface to be more appealing
Lack of support for continuous engagement	Introduce level-ups and badges that are earned only by actively participating in matches; show diverse statistics that are updated based on played matches
Disliked competition and lack of fellowship	Implement a game mode that is only based on collaboration without competition between teams
Demotivating or unnoticed notifications	Update the notification system by (1) adding more different types of notifications of various game events, (2) allowing the player to choose which notifications to receive, and (3) sending the most important notifications by email
Lack of incentives for discourse and participation	Inform the players about the existence and purpose of the chat; show statistics that motivate players to contribute to their team; allow players to use social media accounts to log-in, thereby connecting the game to their existing social media profiles