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. 2022 Mar 10;13:860157. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860157

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Copyright © 2022 Mostafa, Wang, Zeng and Jin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Terpenoid precursors (acetyl-CoA and pyruvate) enter the MVA pathway in the cytosol to produce sesquiterpenes or the MEP pathway in plastids to generate monoterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids. The enzymes and intermediates of both pathways are shown. DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; FPPS, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; GGPS, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; GPP, geranyl diphosphate; GPPS, geranyl diphosphate synthase; IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; PSY, phytoene synthase; TPS, terpenoid synthase.