Table 2. Trends in Weighted Prevalence of Prediabetes Overall and by Population Subgroups Among Youths by NHANES Cycles From 1999 Through 2018.
| Subgroup | Survey-weighted % (95% CI)a | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999-2002 (n = 1862) | 2003-2006 (n = 1788) | 2007-2010 (n = 998) | 2011-2014 (n = 1064) | 2015-2018 (n = 886) | Trend | Interaction | ||
| Overall | 11.6 (9.49-14.1) | 15.4 (12.7-18.5) | 23.4 (20.0-27.4) | 22.7 (19.7-25.9) | 28.2 (23.3-33.6) | <.001 | NA | |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 12-15 | 13.1 (10.2-16.8) | 17.5 (13.8-22.1) | 24.6 (19.2-30.9) | 23.3 (19.3-27.9) | 30.8 (24.9-37.4) | <.001 | .65 | |
| 16-19 | 10.0 (7.7-13.0) | 13.4 (10.3-17.2) | 22.2 (19.1-25.6) | 21.9 (17.3-27.4) | 25.6 (20.8-31.2) | <.001 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 7.1 (5.1-9.9) | 8.7 (6.6-11.4) | 16.7 (13.1-21.0) | 14.3 (11.5-17.8) | 19.6 (14.7-25.7) | <.001 | .84 | |
| Male | 15.8 (12.3-20.1) | 21.7 (18.2-25.7) | 29.8 (25.5-34.5) | 30.6 (25.4-36.3) | 36.4 (30.1-43.1) | <.001 | ||
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 13.4 (10.6-16.9) | 16.0 (11.8-21.4) | 30.6 (24.2-37.8) | 26.7 (22.5-31.2) | 28.6 (23.0-34.9) | <.001 | .56b | |
| Non-Hispanic | ||||||||
| Asian | NA | NA | NA | 23.5 (15.8-33.6) | 26.0 (15.5-40.2) | .75 | ||
| Black | 11.7 (9.1-14.8) | 14.7 (11.9-18.0) | 26.8 (21.2-33.3) | 23.2 (17.2-30.6) | 32.3 (24.9-40.8) | <.001 | ||
| White | 11.5 (8.4-15.5) | 15.3 (11.6-20.1) | 19.8 (15.2-25.4) | 20.6 (16.2-25.8) | 26.8 (19.1-36.2) | <.001 | ||
| Parental educational level | ||||||||
| <High school | 15.6 (12.8-18.9) | 15.9 (11.7-21.4) | 24.2 (17.6-32.2) | 29.9 (23.6-37.1) | 29.1 (23.9-34.9) | <.001 | .28 | |
| High school | 10.0 (8.0-12.4) | 14.7 (12.3-17.4) | 24.0 (19.8-28.6) | 20.5 (17.0-24.6) | 29.2 (23.7-35.4) | <.001 | ||
| ≥Some college | 11.1 (6.3-18.8) | 17.0 (10.9-25.7) | 19.4 (12.6-28.7) | 20.4 (13.8-29.0) | 26.8 (15.7-42.0) | .03 | ||
| Ratio of family income to poverty level | ||||||||
| <1.3 | 12.5 (8.5-17.9) | 12.7 (9.1-17.3) | 29.4 (23.9-35.6) | 26.6 (22.3-31.4) | 31.2 (25.6-37.3) | <.001 | .54 | |
| 1.3 to <3.0 | 9.3 (6.4-13.3) | 19.8 (15.2-25.4) | 23.0 (17.1-30.0) | 20.6 (15.6-26.7) | 30.0 (23.2-37.7) | <.001 | ||
| ≥3.0 | 11.8 (8.8-15.7) | 13.8 (9.7-19.4) | 18.5 (13.0-25.7) | 20.8 (14.9-28.3) | 24.5 (15.2-37.0) | <.006 | ||
| Food security | ||||||||
| Very low | 18.4 (11.0-29.1) | 13.3 (6.83-24.2) | 40.7 (32.0-50.1) | 20.1 (12.1-31.7) | 26.3 (16.3-39.6) | .20 | .24 | |
| Low | 12.0 (8.0-17.6) | 15.2 (10.5-21.6) | 26.0 (20.1-33.1) | 27.6 (19.4-37.7) | 29.6 (22.2-38.2) | <.001 | ||
| Marginal | 11.4 (6.9-18.3) | 20.5 (13.9-29.3) | 24.9 (15.8-36.9) | 20.4 (13.8-29.1) | 45.5 (31.6-60.2) | <.001 | ||
| Full | 10.8 (8.3-13.9) | 15.5 (12.2-19.4) | 21.7 (17.4-26.7) | 22.4 (18.2-27.3) | 25.6 (19.7-32.5) | <.001 | ||
| BMI category | ||||||||
| Underweight or normal weight | 9.41 (7.50-11.8) | 13.3 (10.3-17.0) | 23.0 (18.1-28.8) | 18.3 (15.5-21.4) | 24.3 (18.9-30.7) | <.001 | .94 | |
| Overweight | 15.3 (9.45-23.8) | 14.4 (9.02-22.3) | 17.7 (12.4-24.6) | 26.7 (18.7-36.6) | 27.5 (19.7-36.9) | <.005 | ||
| Obese | 18.2 (12.8-25.2) | 24.1 (16.0-34.6) | 29.5 (22.8-37.3) | 34.2 (24.5-45.4) | 40.4 (30.2-51.5) | <.001 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
Percentages were adjusted for NHANES survey weight.
b
The P value for interaction did not include data for Asian participants owing to inconsistent data across cycles.