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. 2022 Feb 3;12(2):251. doi: 10.3390/biom12020251

Table 1.

Overview of HA-degrading proteins.

HA-Degrading Proteins Subcellular Localization/Tissue Distribution Substrate End Products of HA Degradation pH Optimum
HYAL1 lysosomes/ubiquitous HA of any size tetrasaccharides (0.8 kDa) 3.5
HYAL2 cytoplasmic membranes, ECM/ubiquitous HMW HA oligomers (20 kDa) 4
HYAL3 intracellular/testicles, bone marrow, less other tissues HA no hyaluronidase activity acidic
HYAL4 cytoplasmic membranes/placenta, skeletal muscle chondroitin sulfate - -
PH20 cytoplasmic membranes/testicles HA, chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharides neutral, acidic
TMEM2 (CEMIP2) cytoplasmic membranes/ubiquitous, placenta HMW HA 5 kDa 6–7
CEMIP cytoplasmic membranes, cytoplasm/lymph node, endometrium HMW HA * 10–100 kDa acidic

* It remains unclear whether CEMIP has direct catalytic activity as an enzyme. Abbreviations: hyaluronidase (HYAL), hyaluronidase PH-20 (PH20), Transmembrane Protein a type II (TMEM2), Cell Migration Inducing Hyaluronan Binding Protein (CEMIP), extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronan (HA), high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW HA).