Table 1.
The effects of dehydrin expression on plant stress response.
| Plant/Author | LEA Protein | Expression System |
Applied Stress | Observed Phenotype | Post-Stress Change without Dehydrin | Post-Stress Change with Dehydrin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. [11] |
Unnamed Dehydrin: Present in line 1393-2-11 |
Naturally occurring | Seeds grown for 27 days at 15 °C | Percent emergence | 13% | 50% |
| Seeds incubated for 12 h at 15 °C | Electrolyte leakage | 41.3 mS/m·g | 27.1 mS/m·g | |||
|
Oryza sativa L. [12] |
PMA80, wheat dehydrin | pGHNC5, Act1 promoter |
Six-week old plants grown with 200 mM NaCl for nine days | Electrolyte leakage from leaves | +342% from day 3–7 | +155% from day 3–7 |
| Height of plant after recovery | 48.2 ± 2.8 cm | 63.1 cm | ||||
| Fresh/dry shoot weight after recovery | Fresh: 3.37 g Dry: 0.67 g |
Fresh: 4.8 g Dry: 1.025 g |
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| Six-week old plants denied water for eight days | Height of plant, after eight days of recovery | 47.8 ± 2.4 cm | 63.6 cm | |||
| Fresh/dry shoot weight, after eight days of recovery | Fresh 3.23 ± 0.06 g Dry: 0.7 ± 0.01 g |
Fresh: 4.8 g Dry: 1.053 g |
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|
Nicotiana tabacum L. [13] |
Citrus unshiu dehydrin (CuCOR19) | pBI121, CaMV 35S promoter | Seedlings incubated at −4 °C for three hours | Electrolyte leakage expressed as percent of total | 19.2 ± 2.6% | 12.3 ± 2.6% |
| MDA production | 4.6 nmol/g fresh weight | 2.7 nmol/g fresh weight | ||||
| Grown at 15 °C | Germination | 72% (GD50 = 11.9 days) | 88% (GD50 = 8.1 days) | |||
| Increase in seedling fresh weight over 15 days (day 6 to 21 after sowing) | 3.9 mg/plant | 6.7 mg/plant | ||||
|
Nicotiana tabacum NC89 [14] |
Brassica juncea dehydrins (BjDHN2/BjDHN3) | pBI121, CaMV 35S promoter | Leaf disks from four-week old plants floated on MS (⅛) solution at 4 °C for seven days | Chlorophyll content | 43% mg/g of dry weight | BjDHN2: 60% mg/g·DW BjDHN3: 69% mg/g·DW |
| Grown with 150 mM NaCl for 10 days followed by two weeks of recovery | Relative water content | 75% | BjDHN2: 92% BjDHN3: 90% |
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| Electrolyte leakage | 16% | BjDHN2: 3% BjDHN3: 7% |
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| MDA content | 4.75 mmol/g of fresh weight | BjDHN2 3.5 mmol/g·FW BjDHN3: 3.5 mmol/g·FW |
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|
Nicotiana tabacum L. cv NC89 [15] |
Maize dehydrin, ZmDHN2b | pBI121, CaMV 35S promoter | Germinated at 15 °C | Germination | Began germinating on day 11. By day 30 <60% had germinated. | Began germinating on day 7. By day 30, 80% had germinated. |
| Germinated and grown at 25 °C for four days. Incubated at 15 °C for two weeks. | Root length | <1.0 cm | >1.8 cm | |||
| Six-week old plants incubated at 4 °C for 24 h | MDA content | 2.5-fold increase over 24 h | Two-fold increase over 24 h | |||
| Electrolyte leakage | 3.14-fold increase over 24 h | 2.3-fold increase over 24 h | ||||
|
Nicotiana tabacum [16] |
Prunus mume dehydrins (PmLEA10, PmLEA19, PmLEA20, PmLEA29) | pEarleyGate203, CaMV 35S promoter |
Two-month old plants incubated at 4 °C for 24 h | Increase in electrolyte leakage relative to untreated plants | 1.9% | PmLEA10: 1.3% PmLEA19: 1.15% PmLEA20: 0.75% PmLEA29: 1.2% |
| Increase in MDA content relative to untreated plants | 3.3% | PmLEA10: 1.6% PmLEA19: 1.8% PmLEA20: 0.75% PmLEA29: 1.9% |
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| Two-month old plants denied water for 15 days | Increase in electrolyte leakage relative to untreated plants | 1.5% | PmLEA10: 1.3% PmLEA19: 1.15% PmLEA20: 0.8% PmLEA29: 1.2% |
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| Increase in MDA content relative to untreated plants | 2% | PmLEA10: 1.5% PmLEA19: 1.8% PmLEA20: 0.75% PmLEA29: 1.25% |