Glucose-sensing pathways in yeast. Two receptor pathways in S. cerevisiae respond to glucose availability. Gpr1 transmits its signal through the large G-protein Gpa2 [5,6,7,9,10,11] while Cdc25 and Sdc25 activate the small G-proteins Ras1 and Ras2. The transceptors Snf3 and Rgt2 recruit the protein kinases Yck1 and Yck2 as well as the transcription corepressors Mth1 and Std1 [45,46,47,48,49]. GPCR: G-protein coupled receptor; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; AC: adenylyl cyclase; PDE: phosphodiesterase; TF: transcription factor; CKI: casein kinase I; PKA: protein kinase A.