Table 4.

Systematic review of anti-TNF agents in epilepsy.

References	Disease	PTS N Age	Study design	Intervention	Timing	Efficacy	Safety
Lagarde et al. (127)	Rasmussen encephalitis.	11 [median 6.5 years (1.5–37)]	Multicenter, open-label, prospective study	Adalimumab 24 mg/m2 s.c. (maximum 40 mg), every 14 days	Start: Median delay 31 months (range 1–192) after diagnosis	Complete response (>50% seizure frequency decrease) in 5 patients; 3 of these 5 patients had stabilization of functional deficits. One patient showed significant but transitory (6 months) improvement.	One patient discontinued adalimumab due to mild increase of creatine kinase blood levels (normalized after 3 weeks); one patient showed superficial skin infection (not requiring discontinuation of treatment).