Table 2.
Baseline demographics of patients admitted to intensive care units
| Total N = 78 | Sufentanil N = 38 | Nalbuphine N = 40 | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.962 | |||
| Male | 31 (39.7%) | 15 | 16 | |
| Female | 47 (60.3%) | 23 | 24 | |
| Age (year) | 53.36 ± 2.15 | 55.05 ± 3.32 | 51.75 ± 2.77 | 0.446 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.63 ± 1.06 | 63.79 ± 1.64 | 65.43 ± 1.37 | 0.444 |
| APACHE II | 10 (6, 17) | 13 (8, 18) | 8.5 (5, 14) | 0.072 |
| Disease entity | 0.214 | |||
| Infectious disease | 16 (20.5%) | 9 (23.7%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| Trauma and accidental injury | 26 (33.3%) | 13 (34.2%) | 13 (32.5%) | |
| Neoplasms | 10 (12.8%) | 3 (7.9%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| Inflammatory disease | 5 (6.4%) | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (5.0%) | |
| Digestive systems | 7 (9.0%) | 6 (15.8%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| Cardiovascular system | 3 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.5%) | |
| Respiratory disease | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
| Others | 9 (11.5%) | 3 (7.9%) | 6 (15.0%) | |
| CPOT | 3.42 ± 0.15 | 3.42 ± 0.22 | 3.43 ± 0.21 | 0.990 |
| RASS | 1.54 ± 0.09 | 1.61 ± 0.13 | 1.48 ± 0.14 | 0.493 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.08 ± 2.31 | 128.21 ± 3.43 | 124.05 ± 3.12 | 0.371 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.28 ± 1.40 | 71.26 ± 2.07 | 75.20 ± 1.88 | 0.162 |
| HR (bpm/min) | 96.15 ± 2.53 | 99.71 ± 3.85 | 92.78 ± 3.27 | 0.172 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96.92 ± 0.62 | 97.34 ± 0.64 | 96.52 ± 1.05 | 0.510 |
Abbreviation: APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CPOT Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, HR heart rate, SpO2 oxygen saturation, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
aMann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables, and Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Data were presented as mean ± standard error (SE) or median with inter-quartile range (IQR)